महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-17, verse-19

कुतस्त्वमद्य विस्मृत्य वैरं द्वादशवार्षिकम् ।
अज्ञातवासगमनं द्रौपदीशोकवर्धनम् ।
क्व तदा धृतराष्ट्रस्य स्नेहोऽस्मास्वभवत्तदा ॥१९॥

19. kutastvamadya vismṛtya vairaṁ dvādaśavārṣikam ,
ajñātavāsagamanaṁ draupadīśokavardhanam ,
kva tadā dhṛtarāṣṭrasya sneho'smāsvabhavattadā.

19. kutaḥ tvam adya vismṛtya vairam
dvādaśavārṣikam ajñātavāsagamanam
draupadīśokavardhanam kva tadā
dhṛtarāṣṭrasya snehaḥ asmāsu abhavat tadā

19. adya tvam kutaḥ dvādaśavārṣikam vairam,
ajñātavāsagamanam,
draupadīśokavardhanam ca vismṛtya (āsi)? tadā dhṛtarāṣṭrasya snehaḥ asmāsu kva abhavat tadā?

19. How can you today forget the twelve-year-old enmity, the going into unknown exile, and the increase of Draupadi's sorrow? Where then was Dhritarashtra's affection towards us at that time?

Words meanings summery:

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how, why

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

• विस्मृत्य (vismṛtya) - having forgotten

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

• द्वादशवार्षिकम् (dvādaśavārṣikam) - twelve-year, lasting for twelve years

• अज्ञातवासगमनम् (ajñātavāsagamanam) - the going into unknown exile, the sojourn in disguise

• द्रौपदीशोकवर्धनम् (draupadīśokavardhanam) - the increasing of Draupadi's sorrow

• क्व (kva) - where? to what place? why?

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhritarashtra

• स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - affection, love, tenderness, oil

• अस्मासु (asmāsu) - in us, among us, towards us

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, existed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

कुतः (kutaḥ) - whence, from where, how, why

(indeclinable)

Formed from the pronominal stem 'ka' with the suffix -tas.

Note: Here used to ask 'how' or 'why'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

Pronominal base for second person singular.

अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

(indeclinable)

From idam (this) + dyā (day).

विस्मृत्य (vismṛtya) - having forgotten

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root smṛ (स्मृ) 'to remember' with prefix vi and suffix -tya.

Prefix: vi

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, feud

From vīra (hero) + aṇ (possessing the qualities of a hero, thus a conflict between heroes).

Note: Object of 'vismṛtya'.

द्वादशवार्षिकम् (dvādaśavārṣikam) - twelve-year, lasting for twelve years

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvādaśavārṣika

dvādaśavārṣika - twelve-year-old, lasting for twelve years

Compound of dvādaśa (twelve) and vārṣika (annual, yearly).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvādaśa+vārṣika)

• dvādaśa – twelve
  numeral
• vārṣika – annual, yearly, lasting for a year
  adjective (neuter)
  From varṣa (year) + ṭhak suffix.

Note: Agrees with vairam.

अज्ञातवासगमनम् (ajñātavāsagamanam) - the going into unknown exile, the sojourn in disguise

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ajñāta+vāsa+gamana)

• ajñāta – unknown, not known
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jñā (ज्ञा) 'to know' with prefix a- (negation) and kta suffix.
  Prefix: a
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vāsa – residence, dwelling, stay
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas (वस्) 'to dwell'.
  Root: vas (class 1)
• gamana – going, motion, journey
  noun (neuter)
  From root gam (गम्) 'to go' with suffix -ana.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vismṛtya'.

द्रौपदीशोकवर्धनम् (draupadīśokavardhanam) - the increasing of Draupadi's sorrow

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (draupadī+śoka+vardhana)

• draupadī – Draupadi (proper name, daughter of Drupada)
  proper noun (feminine)
  Feminine patronymic from Drupada.
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (शुच्) 'to burn, grieve'.
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vardhana – increasing, causing to grow, strengthening
  noun (neuter)
  From causative root vṛdh (वृध्) 'to grow' + suffix -ana.
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vismṛtya'.

क्व (kva) - where? to what place? why?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad (that) + dā suffix.

धृतराष्ट्रस्य (dhṛtarāṣṭrasya) - of Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name, king of the Kauravas)

Compound of dhṛta (held, borne) and rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (धृ) 'to hold'.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - affection, love, tenderness, oil

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - affection, love, tenderness, oil, unctuousness

From root snih (स्निह्) 'to be unctuous, to love'.

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

अस्मासु (asmāsu) - in us, among us, towards us

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

Pronominal base for first person plural.

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada

From root bhū (भू) of 1st class, Parasmaipada, Imperfect Indicative (laṅ).

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem tad (that) + dā suffix.

Note: Repetition for emphasis.