महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-17, verse-12

योऽसौ पृथिव्याः कृत्स्नाया भर्ता भूत्वा नराधिपः ।
परैर्विनिहतापत्यो वनं गन्तुमभीप्सति ॥१२॥

12. yo'sau pṛthivyāḥ kṛtsnāyā bhartā bhūtvā narādhipaḥ ,
parairvinihatāpatyo vanaṁ gantumabhīpsati.

12. yaḥ asau pṛthivyāḥ kṛtsnāyāḥ bhartā bhūtvā narādhipaḥ
paraiḥ vinihatāpatyaḥ vanam gantum abhīpsati

12. यः असौ कृत्स्नायाः पृथिव्याः नराधिपः भर्ता
भूत्वा परैः विनिहतापत्यः वनम् गन्तुम् अभीप्सति

12. He who, having been the ruler of the entire earth, a king whose children were slain by his enemies, now desires to go to the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (who, which, that (relative pronoun))

• असौ (asau) - that (demonstrative pronoun)

• पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth

• कृत्स्नायाः (kṛtsnāyāḥ) - of the entire, of the whole

• भर्ता (bhartā) - ruler, master, supporter, husband

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies, by others

• विनिहतापत्यः (vinihatāpatyaḥ) - whose children have been killed, whose offspring are slain

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

• अभीप्सति (abhīpsati) - desires intensely, wishes eagerly

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (who, which, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

असौ (asau) - that (demonstrative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder, such

Note: Correlative with 'yaḥ', together meaning 'he who'.

पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the earth

कृत्स्नायाः (kṛtsnāyāḥ) - of the entire, of the whole

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all

Note: Agrees with 'pṛthivyāḥ'.

भर्ता (bhartā) - ruler, master, supporter, husband

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, maintainer, master, lord, husband

Agent Noun

Agent noun from √bhṛ (to bear, support).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies, by others

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, alien, hostile; supreme

विनिहतापत्यः (vinihatāpatyaḥ) - whose children have been killed, whose offspring are slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinihatāpatya

vinihatāpatya - whose children are slain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vinihata+apatya)

• vinihata – slain, killed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with upasargas vi- and ni-.
  Prefixes: vi+ni
  Root: han (class 2)
• apatya – offspring, child
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes 'he who' (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of 'gantum'.

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of √gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: An infinitive, functions as an indeclinable.

अभीप्सति (abhīpsati) - desires intensely, wishes eagerly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of īps

Present Active Indicative (Desiderative)

Desiderative stem from √āp (to obtain) with upasarga abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: A desiderative verb, expressing intense desire.