महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-94, verse-6

अथ कस्मात्स नकुलो गर्हयामास तं क्रतुम् ।
अश्वमेधं महायज्ञं राज्ञस्तस्य महात्मनः ॥६॥

6. atha kasmātsa nakulo garhayāmāsa taṁ kratum ,
aśvamedhaṁ mahāyajñaṁ rājñastasya mahātmanaḥ.

6. atha kasmāt saḥ nakulaḥ garhayāmāsa tam kratum
aśvamedham mahāyajñam rājñaḥ tasya mahātmanaḥ

6. atha kasmāt saḥ nakulaḥ tam kratum aśvamedham
mahāyajñam tasya mahātmanaḥ rājñaḥ garhayāmāsa

6. Now, why did that Nakula (mongoose) criticize that particular Vedic ritual (kratu), the great aśvamedha (yajña) of that noble king?

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, for what reason, from what

• सः (saḥ) - the mongoose (Nakula) (that, he)

• नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - the mongoose (Nakula) mentioned in the Mahābhārata (mongoose (proper name))

• गर्हयामास (garhayāmāsa) - criticized, censured, deprecated

• तम् (tam) - that

• क्रतुम् (kratum) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice

• अश्वमेधम् (aśvamedham) - horse sacrifice

• महायज्ञम् (mahāyajñam) - great Vedic ritual (yajña)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• तस्य (tasya) - of that

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble one

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the beginning of a new question or topic.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, for what reason, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

Note: Functions adverbially as 'why'.

सः (saḥ) - the mongoose (Nakula) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the mongoose, Nakula.

नकुलः (nakulaḥ) - the mongoose (Nakula) mentioned in the Mahābhārata (mongoose (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakula

nakula - mongoose

गर्हयामास (garhayāmāsa) - criticized, censured, deprecated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of garh

Causative perfect

perfect tense from causative of root garh- 'to blame' + āmāsa (perfect auxiliary)

Root: garh (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kratum'.

क्रतुम् (kratum) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kratu

kratu - ritual, sacrifice, ceremony, power, intelligence

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अश्वमेधम् (aśvamedham) - horse sacrifice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśvamedha

aśvamedha - horse sacrifice (a type of Vedic ritual)

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśva+medha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• medha – sacrifice, oblation
  noun (masculine)
  from root medh 'to sacrifice'
  Root: medh (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'kratum'.

महायज्ञम् (mahāyajñam) - great Vedic ritual (yajña)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāyajña

mahāyajña - great Vedic ritual

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+yajña)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• yajña – Vedic ritual, sacrifice
  noun (masculine)
  from root yaj- 'to worship, sacrifice'
  Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'kratum' and 'aśvamedham'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तस्य (tasya) - of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, highly endowed, magnanimous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rājñaḥ'.