महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-94, verse-31

एष धर्मो महांस्त्यागो दानं भूतदया तथा ।
ब्रह्मचर्यं तथा सत्यमनुक्रोशो धृतिः क्षमा ।
सनातनस्य धर्मस्य मूलमेतत्सनातनम् ॥३१॥

31. eṣa dharmo mahāṁstyāgo dānaṁ bhūtadayā tathā ,
brahmacaryaṁ tathā satyamanukrośo dhṛtiḥ kṣamā ,
sanātanasya dharmasya mūlametatsanātanam.

31. eṣaḥ dharmaḥ mahān tyāgaḥ dānam
bhūtadayā tathā brahmacaryam tathā
satyam anukrośaḥ dhṛtiḥ kṣamā
sanātanasya dharmasya mūlam etat sanātanam

31. eṣaḥ mahān tyāgaḥ dānam bhūtadayā
tathā brahmacaryam tathā satyam
anukrośaḥ dhṛtiḥ kṣamā dharmaḥ etat
sanātanasya dharmasya sanātanam mūlam

31. This is the great natural law (dharma): renunciation, charity, and compassion for all beings; likewise, celibacy (brahmacarya), truthfulness, kindness, fortitude, and forgiveness. This is the eternal root of the eternal natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, moral constitution (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature)

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, important, noble

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice, giving up

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, giving, donation

• भूतदया (bhūtadayā) - compassion for all beings, kindness to creatures

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)

• ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy, self-restraint (celibacy, self-restraint, student life devoted to sacred knowledge (brahman))

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthfulness, reality

• अनुक्रोशः (anukrośaḥ) - sympathy, compassion, kindness, pity

• धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - fortitude, steadfastness, firmness, courage

• क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience (forgiveness, patience, endurance, earth)

• सनातनस्य (sanātanasya) - of eternal, of ancient, of perpetual

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law, of moral constitution (of natural law, of constitution, of duty, of righteousness)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, basis, foundation

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal, ancient, perpetual

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: nominative singular masculine form of 'etad'

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, moral constitution (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: nominative singular masculine form of 'dharma'

महान् (mahān) - great, large, important, noble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, noble

Note: nominative singular masculine form of 'mahat'

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice, giving up

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - renunciation, abandonment, sacrifice, giving up

From root tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ (suffix)

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: nominative singular masculine form of 'tyāga'

दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, giving, donation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, charity, giving, donation

From root dā (to give) + lyuṬ (suffix)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: nominative singular neuter form of 'dāna'

भूतदया (bhūtadayā) - compassion for all beings, kindness to creatures

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūtadayā

bhūtadayā - compassion for all beings, kindness to creatures

Compound of 'bhūta' (being) and 'dayā' (compassion)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūta+dayā)

• bhūta – a being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• dayā – compassion, pity, sympathy
  noun (feminine)

Note: nominative singular feminine form of 'bhūtadayā'

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: indeclinable

ब्रह्मचर्यम् (brahmacaryam) - celibacy, self-restraint (celibacy, self-restraint, student life devoted to sacred knowledge (brahman))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - celibacy, self-restraint, student life devoted to sacred knowledge

Compound of 'brahman' (sacred knowledge/Vedas) and 'carya' (conduct)

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+carya)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda, ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
• carya – conduct, practice, observance
  noun (neuter)
  From root car (to move, conduct)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: nominative singular neuter form of 'brahmacarya'

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (thus, so, in that manner, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: indeclinable

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, truthfulness, reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, truthfulness, reality

From sat (being, existing, truthful)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: nominative singular neuter form of 'satya'

अनुक्रोशः (anukrośaḥ) - sympathy, compassion, kindness, pity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anukrośa

anukrośa - sympathy, compassion, kindness, pity

From anu (after, along) + kruś (to cry out, lament)

Prefix: anu

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: nominative singular masculine form of 'anukrośa'

धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ) - fortitude, steadfastness, firmness, courage

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhṛti

dhṛti - fortitude, steadfastness, firmness, courage

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + ti (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: nominative singular feminine form of 'dhṛti'

क्षमा (kṣamā) - forgiveness, patience (forgiveness, patience, endurance, earth)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣamā

kṣamā - forgiveness, patience, endurance, earth

From root kṣam (to be patient, forgive)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: nominative singular feminine form of 'kṣamā'

सनातनस्य (sanātanasya) - of eternal, of ancient, of perpetual

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, ancient, perpetual

From sanā (always, forever) + tana (suffix)

Note: genitive singular masculine form of 'sanātana'

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of natural law, of moral constitution (of natural law, of constitution, of duty, of righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature

From root dhṛ (to hold, support) + man (suffix)

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

Note: genitive singular masculine form of 'dharma'

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, basis, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, basis, foundation

Note: nominative singular neuter form of 'mūla'

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: nominative singular neuter form of 'etad'

सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal, ancient, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, ancient, perpetual

From sanā (always, forever) + tana (suffix)

Note: nominative singular neuter form of 'sanātana'