महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-311, verse-25

गुरवे दक्षिणां दत्त्वा समावृत्तो महामुनिः ।
उग्रं तपः समारेभे ब्रह्मचारी समाहितः ॥२५॥

25. gurave dakṣiṇāṁ dattvā samāvṛtto mahāmuniḥ ,
ugraṁ tapaḥ samārebhe brahmacārī samāhitaḥ.

25. gurave dakṣiṇām dattvā samāvṛttaḥ mahāmuniḥ
ugram tapaḥ samārabhe brahmacārī samāhitaḥ

25. saḥ gurave dakṣiṇām dattvā samāvṛttaḥ mahāmuniḥ
brahmacārī samāhitaḥ ugram tapaḥ samārabhe

25. Having paid the fee to his preceptor (guru), the great sage, who had completed his Vedic studies, then, as a celibate (brahmacārī) and with complete concentration, embarked upon intense spiritual austerity (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• गुरवे (gurave) - to his spiritual teacher (guru) (to the guru, to the teacher (dat. sg.))

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - the traditional fee paid to a teacher upon completion of studies (fee, offering, gift, right (acc. sg.))

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - after presenting the payment (having given)

• समावृत्तः (samāvṛttaḥ) - having completed his period of Vedic study (brahmacarya) (returned, completed student life)

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the renowned great sage (referring to the subject of the narrative) (great sage, great ascetic)

• उग्रम् (ugram) - intense, rigorous (severe, fierce, terrible (acc. sg.))

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat (acc. sg.))

• समारभे (samārabhe) - he began to practice (he undertook, he commenced)

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - maintaining the discipline of a celibate student (brahmacārī) (celibate student, practitioner of Brahmacarya)

• समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - with full mental focus and composure (concentrated, composed, absorbed)

Words meanings and morphology

गुरवे (gurave) - to his spiritual teacher (guru) (to the guru, to the teacher (dat. sg.))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide, heavy, important

u-stem noun.

Note: Recipient of 'dakṣiṇām'.

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - the traditional fee paid to a teacher upon completion of studies (fee, offering, gift, right (acc. sg.))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - gift, fee, offering, donation, right side

ā-stem noun.

Note: Object of 'dattvā'.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - after presenting the payment (having given)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

समावृत्तः (samāvṛttaḥ) - having completed his period of Vedic study (brahmacarya) (returned, completed student life)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāvṛtta

samāvṛtta - returned, come back, completed education

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to turn) with sam-ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the renowned great sage (referring to the subject of the narrative) (great sage, great ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + muni (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
  Feminine stem 'mahā' used here in compound.
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)
  i-stem noun.
  Root: man (class 4)

उग्रम् (ugram) - intense, rigorous (severe, fierce, terrible (acc. sg.))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - severe, fierce, formidable, potent

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat (acc. sg.))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, spiritual austerity, penance, asceticism

s-stem noun.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samārabhe'.

समारभे (samārabhe) - he began to practice (he undertook, he commenced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of sam-ā-rabh

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - maintaining the discipline of a celibate student (brahmacārī) (celibate student, practitioner of Brahmacarya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who practices brahmacarya, celibate student, ascetic

in-stem noun.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (brahman+carin)

• brahman – ultimate reality, sacred word, Veda, priest
  noun (neuter)
  n-stem.
  Root: bṛh
• carin – going, moving, practicing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (suffix in).
  From root car (to move, to practice).
  Root: car (class 1)

समाहितः (samāhitaḥ) - with full mental focus and composure (concentrated, composed, absorbed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhita

samāhita - concentrated, composed, absorbed in meditation, well-placed

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place) with sam-ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)