महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-231, verse-34

हंसोक्तं चाक्षरं चैव कूटस्थं यत्तदक्षरम् ।
तद्विद्वानक्षरं प्राप्य जहाति प्राणजन्मनी ॥३४॥

34. haṁsoktaṁ cākṣaraṁ caiva kūṭasthaṁ yattadakṣaram ,
tadvidvānakṣaraṁ prāpya jahāti prāṇajanmanī.

34. haṃsoktam ca akṣaram ca eva kūṭastham yat tat
akṣaram tat vidvān akṣaram prāpya jahāti prāṇajanmanī

34. yat haṃsoktam ca kūṭastham akṣaram ca eva (asti) tat
akṣaram tat akṣaram prāpya vidvān prāṇajanmanī jahāti

34. That imperishable (brahman) which is declared by Haṃsa, and which is indeed the immutable (kūṭastha) imperishable (brahman) – a wise person, having attained that imperishable (brahman), abandons the cycles of birth and death (saṃsāra).

Words meanings summery:

• हंसोक्तम् (haṁsoktam) - declared by Haṃsa; taught by Haṃsa

• च (ca) - and

• अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - the imperishable (brahman) (imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed; certainly; only)

• कूटस्थम् (kūṭastham) - immutable (referring to Brahman) (immutable; unchanging; fixed)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which; that which)

• तत् (tat) - it (referring to 'yat') (that; it)

• अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - the imperishable (brahman) (imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman)

• तत् (tat) - that (imperishable brahman) (that; it)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person (who knows the imperishable) (a wise person; one who knows)

• अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - the imperishable (brahman) (imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained (the imperishable) (having attained; having reached)

• जहाति (jahāti) - abandons (abandons; gives up; forsakes)

• प्राणजन्मनी (prāṇajanmanī) - the cycles of birth and death (saṃsāra) (births of living beings; cycles of vital breaths)

Words meanings and morphology

हंसोक्तम् (haṁsoktam) - declared by Haṃsa; taught by Haṃsa

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of haṃsokta

haṁsokta - declared by Haṃsa; taught by Haṃsa

Past Passive Participle

From haṃsa + ukta (PPP of vac 'to speak')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haṃsa+ukta)

• haṃsa – divine swan; a sage; the supreme self
  noun (masculine)
• ukta – spoken, said, declared
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vac' (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'akṣaram'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - the imperishable (brahman) (imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣara

akṣara - imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman; letter

From 'a' (not) + 'kṣara' (perishable, moving).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṣara – perishable, decaying, moving
  adjective
  From root 'kṣar' (to flow, decay)
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Subject/object of the clause.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed; certainly; only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

कूटस्थम् (kūṭastham) - immutable (referring to Brahman) (immutable; unchanging; fixed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kūṭastha

kūṭastha - standing on a peak; fixed; immutable; unchanging; permanent

From kūṭa (peak, anvil, summit) + stha (standing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kūṭa+stha)

• kūṭa – peak, summit, anvil, highest point
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, existing, situated
  adjective
  From root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'akṣaram'.

यत् (yat) - that which (which; that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which; what; that which

Relative pronoun

Note: Subject of a relative clause.

तत् (tat) - it (referring to 'yat') (that; it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that; it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Correlative to 'yat'.

अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - the imperishable (brahman) (imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣara

akṣara - imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman; letter

From 'a' (not) + 'kṣara' (perishable, moving).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṣara – perishable, decaying, moving
  adjective
  From root 'kṣar' (to flow, decay)
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative, identifying 'yat tat' as 'akṣaram'.

तत् (tat) - that (imperishable brahman) (that; it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that; it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - a wise person (who knows the imperishable) (a wise person; one who knows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing; wise; learned; a knower

Present Active Participle

From root 'vid' (to know, class 2, adādi).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'jahāti'.

अक्षरम् (akṣaram) - the imperishable (brahman) (imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akṣara

akṣara - imperishable; indestructible; syllable; brahman; letter

From 'a' (not) + 'kṣara' (perishable, moving).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṣara – perishable, decaying, moving
  adjective
  From root 'kṣar' (to flow, decay)
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having attained (the imperishable) (having attained; having reached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'pra' + root 'āp' + suffix 'ya'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Acts as a prior action to 'jahāti'.

जहाति (jahāti) - abandons (abandons; gives up; forsakes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hā

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root 'hā' (to abandon, class 3, juhotyādi).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

प्राणजन्मनी (prāṇajanmanī) - the cycles of birth and death (saṃsāra) (births of living beings; cycles of vital breaths)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of prāṇajanman

prāṇajanman - birth of living beings; life-birth; vital-birth

Compound of 'prāṇa' (vital breath, life) and 'janman' (birth, existence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+janman)

• prāṇa – vital breath, life force, life principle
  noun (masculine)
• janman – birth, existence, life
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The dual indicates the recurring nature of births.