महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-231, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
इत्युक्तोऽभिप्रशस्यैतत्परमर्षेस्तु शासनम् ।
मोक्षधर्मार्थसंयुक्तमिदं प्रष्टुं प्रचक्रमे ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ityukto'bhipraśasyaitatparamarṣestu śāsanam ,
mokṣadharmārthasaṁyuktamidaṁ praṣṭuṁ pracakrame.

1. bhīṣma uvāca | iti uktaḥ abhipraśasya etat paramarṣeḥ tu
śāsanam | mokṣadharmārthasaṃyuktam idam praṣṭum pracakrame

1. bhīṣma uvāca iti uktaḥ etat paramarṣeḥ mokṣadharmārthasaṃyuktam
śāsanam abhipraśasya tu idam praṣṭum pracakrame

1. Bhishma said: Having thus been spoken to, and having praised this instruction of the great sage which pertains to liberation (mokṣa), natural law (dharma), and all aims of life (artha), he then began to ask this (question).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

• अभिप्रशस्य (abhipraśasya) - having praised, having extolled, commending

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• परमर्षेः (paramarṣeḥ) - of Vyasa, the great sage (of the great sage)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• शासनम् (śāsanam) - teaching, instruction, command, doctrine

• मोक्षधर्मार्थसंयुक्तम् (mokṣadharmārthasaṁyuktam) - endowed with liberation (mokṣa), natural law (dharma), and purposes/aims of life (artha)

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (question)

• प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, to inquire, to question

• प्रचक्रमे (pracakrame) - he began, he commenced, he undertook

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a revered warrior and elder in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Third Person Singular

From root `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Introduces or refers to a previous statement.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been spoken to (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `vac` (root).

Root: vac (class 2)

अभिप्रशस्य (abhipraśasya) - having praised, having extolled, commending

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from `abhi-` (prefix) + `pra-` (prefix) + `śaṃs` (root) with `ya` suffix.

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `abhipraśasya`, referring to `śāsanam`.

परमर्षेः (paramarṣeḥ) - of Vyasa, the great sage (of the great sage)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paramarṣi

paramarṣi - great sage, supreme sage

Compound of `parama` (supreme) and `ṛṣi` (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ṛṣi)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `śāsanam`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Adds emphasis or a slight contrast.

शासनम् (śāsanam) - teaching, instruction, command, doctrine

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāsana

śāsana - teaching, instruction, command, rule, doctrine

Derived from `śās` (root).

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of `abhipraśasya`.

मोक्षधर्मार्थसंयुक्तम् (mokṣadharmārthasaṁyuktam) - endowed with liberation (mokṣa), natural law (dharma), and purposes/aims of life (artha)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mokṣadharmārthasaṃyukta

mokṣadharmārthasaṁyukta - connected with liberation, natural law, and purposes of life

Bahuvrihi compound (one which has `mokṣa`, `dharma`, and `artha` combined).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mokṣa+dharma+artha+saṃyukta)

• mokṣa – liberation, emancipation, release
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `muc` (root)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `dhṛ` (root)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, wealth, meaning, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• saṃyukta – joined, united, connected, endowed with
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from `sam-` (prefix) + `yuj` (root)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

इदम् (idam) - this, this (question)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `praṣṭum`.

प्रष्टुम् (praṣṭum) - to ask, to inquire, to question

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From `pra-` (prefix) + `prac` (root) with `tum` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: prac (class 6)

Note: Infinitive of purpose.

प्रचक्रमे (pracakrame) - he began, he commenced, he undertook

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of pracakram

Perfect Middle Third Person Singular

Derived from `pra-` (prefix) + `kram` (root).

Prefix: pra

Root: kram (class 1)