महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-231, verse-2

शुक उवाच ।
प्रजावाञ्श्रोत्रियो यज्वा वृद्धः प्रज्ञोऽनसूयकः ।
अनागतमनैतिह्यं कथं ब्रह्माधिगच्छति ॥२॥

2. śuka uvāca ,
prajāvāñśrotriyo yajvā vṛddhaḥ prajño'nasūyakaḥ ,
anāgatamanaitihyaṁ kathaṁ brahmādhigacchati.

2. śukaḥ uvāca | prajāvān śrotriyaḥ yajvā vṛddhaḥ prajñaḥ
anasūyakaḥ | anāgatam anaitihyam katham brahma adhigacchati

2. śukaḥ uvāca prajāvān śrotriyaḥ yajvā vṛddhaḥ prajñaḥ anasūyakaḥ
[narah] anāgatam anaitihyam brahma katham adhigacchati

2. Shuka said: How does a man, blessed with progeny, learned in the Vedas, a performer of sacrifices, aged, wise, and free from envy, attain Brahman (brahman) – that which is beyond the future and not based on tradition?

Words meanings summery:

• शुकः (śukaḥ) - Sage Shuka, son of Vyasa (Shuka (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Shuka) said (said, spoke)

• प्रजावान् (prajāvān) - one who has children/descendants (having progeny, having offspring)

• श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one who has studied and learned the Vedas (learned in the Vedas)

• यज्वा (yajvā) - one who regularly performs Vedic sacrifices (performer of sacrifices)

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - elderly and thus experienced/wise (old, aged, grown, wise)

• प्रज्ञः (prajñaḥ) - endowed with wisdom and understanding (wise, intelligent, discerning)

• अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - free from envy and critical judgment of others (non-envious, not finding fault)

• अनागतम् (anāgatam) - referring to Brahman as that which is not manifest or understood by worldly knowledge, being beyond time (not yet come, future)

• अनैतिह्यम् (anaitihyam) - referring to Brahman as that which cannot be known merely through traditional narratives or historical accounts (not based on tradition, not historical)

• कथम् (katham) - questioning the method or possibility (how? in what manner?)

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality, the Supreme Self (brahman) (Brahman, the Absolute)

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains knowledge or realization of (attains, comprehends, reaches)

Words meanings and morphology

शुकः (śukaḥ) - Sage Shuka, son of Vyasa (Shuka (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - parrot; a proper name, Shuka

उवाच (uvāca) - (Shuka) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root √vac, 3rd singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रजावान् (prajāvān) - one who has children/descendants (having progeny, having offspring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāvat

prajāvat - having progeny, having subjects

from prajā + matup suffix

Note: Refers to the person being described.

श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one who has studied and learned the Vedas (learned in the Vedas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrotriya

śrotriya - learned in the Vedas; an orthodox Brahmin

Note: Describes the person.

यज्वा (yajvā) - one who regularly performs Vedic sacrifices (performer of sacrifices)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajvan

yajvan - sacrificer, performer of sacrifices

from root √yaj + vanin suffix

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Describes the person.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - elderly and thus experienced/wise (old, aged, grown, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged; grown; wise

Past Passive Participle

from root √vṛdh (to grow, increase)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Describes the person.

प्रज्ञः (prajñaḥ) - endowed with wisdom and understanding (wise, intelligent, discerning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajña

prajña - wise, intelligent, knowing; wisdom, intelligence

from pra-jñā (to know well)

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Describes the person.

अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - free from envy and critical judgment of others (non-envious, not finding fault)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anasūyaka

anasūyaka - not envious, not censorious, free from malice

A-negation + asūyaka (from asūyā 'envy')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+asūyaka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• asūyaka – envious, fault-finding, censorious
  adjective (masculine)
  from asūyā (envy, jealousy)

Note: Describes the person.

अनागतम् (anāgatam) - referring to Brahman as that which is not manifest or understood by worldly knowledge, being beyond time (not yet come, future)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anāgata

anāgata - not come, not arrived; future, not yet appeared

Past Passive Participle

A-negation + āgata (from ā-√gam 'to come')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āgata)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, attained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from ā-√gam
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'brahma'.

अनैतिह्यम् (anaitihyam) - referring to Brahman as that which cannot be known merely through traditional narratives or historical accounts (not based on tradition, not historical)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anaitihya

anaitihya - not based on tradition, not historical; unprecedented

A-negation + aitihya (from itihāsa 'history, tradition')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+aitihya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• aitihya – traditional, historical; tradition, history
  adjective (neuter)
  from itihāsa + ṣyañ suffix

Note: Qualifies 'brahma'.

कथम् (katham) - questioning the method or possibility (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - The ultimate reality, the Supreme Self (brahman) (Brahman, the Absolute)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman (the Absolute), the supreme reality; sacred word, Veda, prayer

Note: Object of 'adhigacchati'.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - attains knowledge or realization of (attains, comprehends, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of adhi-gam

Present Active

root √gam with prefix adhi, 3rd singular present active

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)