महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-231, verse-3

तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण सर्वत्यागेन मेधया ।
सांख्ये वा यदि वा योगे एतत्पृष्टोऽभिधत्स्व मे ॥३॥

3. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa sarvatyāgena medhayā ,
sāṁkhye vā yadi vā yoge etatpṛṣṭo'bhidhatsva me.

3. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa sarvatyāgena medhayā |
sāṅkhye vā yadi vā yoge etat pṛṣṭaḥ abhidhatsva me

3. etat pṛṣṭaḥ me tapasā brahmacaryeṇa sarvatyāgena medhayā
sāṅkhye vā yadi vā yoge [brahma adhigacchati iti] abhidhatsva

3. Since I have asked this, please explain to me how (one attains Brahman) through ascetic practice (tapas), celibacy (brahmacarya), the renunciation of all (sarvatyāga), and by keen intellect, whether through the Sāṅkhya philosophy or the path of Yoga (yoga).

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by means of intense ascetic practices (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)

• ब्रह्मचर्येण (brahmacaryeṇa) - by observing celibacy (brahmacarya) and pursuing sacred knowledge (by celibacy, by the life of a religious student)

• सर्वत्यागेन (sarvatyāgena) - by complete abandonment of all worldly possessions and attachments (by the renunciation of everything)

• मेधया (medhayā) - by sharp understanding and intelligence (by intellect, by wisdom)

• साङ्ख्ये (sāṅkhye) - in the Sāṅkhya philosophical system (in Sāṅkhya)

• वा (vā) - connecting alternatives (or, either)

• यदि (yadi) - introducing a conditional or alternative clause (if, whether)

• वा (vā) - connecting alternatives (or, either)

• योगे (yoge) - in the Yoga (yoga) philosophical and practical system (in Yoga)

• एतत् (etat) - referring to the previously asked question (how Brahman is attained) (this, that)

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - "I, having been asked" or "since I have asked" (referring to the speaker, Shuka) (asked, questioned)

• अभिधत्स्व (abhidhatsva) - please explain (to me) (explain, tell)

• मे (me) - (tell) to me (to me, for me)

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by means of intense ascetic practices (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance; religious meditation; heat, fire

Note: One of the means to attain Brahman.

ब्रह्मचर्येण (brahmacaryeṇa) - by observing celibacy (brahmacarya) and pursuing sacred knowledge (by celibacy, by the life of a religious student)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - celibacy; student life (especially religious); spiritual conduct

from brahman + carya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+carya)

• brahman – sacred knowledge, Veda; Brahman
  noun (neuter)
• carya – conduct, practice
  noun (neuter)
  from root √car 'to move, conduct'
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: One of the means to attain Brahman.

सर्वत्यागेन (sarvatyāgena) - by complete abandonment of all worldly possessions and attachments (by the renunciation of everything)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sarvatyāga

sarvatyāga - renunciation of everything

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+tyāga)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• tyāga – abandonment, renunciation
  noun (masculine)
  from root √tyaj 'to abandon'
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: One of the means to attain Brahman.

मेधया (medhayā) - by sharp understanding and intelligence (by intellect, by wisdom)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of medhā

medhā - intelligence, wisdom, mental power

Note: One of the means to attain Brahman.

साङ्ख्ये (sāṅkhye) - in the Sāṅkhya philosophical system (in Sāṅkhya)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sāṅkhya

sāṅkhya - Sāṅkhya philosophy; relating to number or calculation

Note: Refers to a path or system of knowledge.

वा (vā) - connecting alternatives (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यदि (yadi) - introducing a conditional or alternative clause (if, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conditional conjunction.

वा (vā) - connecting alternatives (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

योगे (yoge) - in the Yoga (yoga) philosophical and practical system (in Yoga)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, conjunction; method, means; spiritual discipline, Yoga system

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to a path or system of knowledge.

एतत् (etat) - referring to the previously asked question (how Brahman is attained) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Object of 'abhidhatsva'.

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - "I, having been asked" or "since I have asked" (referring to the speaker, Shuka) (asked, questioned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned

Past Passive Participle

from root √prach 'to ask'

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Often functions as an absolutive in context, 'having been asked' or 'since I have asked'.

अभिधत्स्व (abhidhatsva) - please explain (to me) (explain, tell)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (lot) of abhi-dhā

Imperative Middle

root √dhā with prefix abhi, 2nd singular imperative middle

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Command/request.

मे (me) - (tell) to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Dative of recipient.