महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-227, verse-7

दानमध्ययनं यज्ञस्तपो ह्रीरार्जवं दमः ।
एतैर्वर्धयते तेजः पाप्मानं चापकर्षति ॥७॥

7. dānamadhyayanaṁ yajñastapo hrīrārjavaṁ damaḥ ,
etairvardhayate tejaḥ pāpmānaṁ cāpakarṣati.

7. dānam adhyayanam yajñaḥ tapaḥ hrīḥ ārjavam damaḥ
etaiḥ vardhayate tejaḥ pāpmānam ca apakarṣati

7. Charity (dāna), study, Vedic ritual (yajña), austerity (tapas), modesty, straightforwardness, and self-control (dama) – by these one increases one's spiritual luster and diminishes sin.

Words meanings summery:

• दानम् (dānam) - charity, gift, giving

• अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, reading

• यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

• ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty, shame, humility

• आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, integrity

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (masculine/neuter instrumental plural)

• वर्धयते (vardhayate) - one increases (increases, causes to grow)

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - luster, glory, spiritual power, energy

• पाप्मानम् (pāpmānam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपकर्षति (apakarṣati) - diminishes, draws away, removes

Words meanings and morphology

दानम् (dānam) - charity, gift, giving

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - charity, gift, act of giving, liberality

Derived from root √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

अध्ययनम् (adhyayanam) - study, learning, reading

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyayana

adhyayana - study, learning, reading, especially of sacred texts

Derived from root √i (to go) with prefixes adhi- and a-

Prefixes: adhi+a

Root: i (class 2)

यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

Derived from root √yaj (to worship, sacrifice)

Root: yaj (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat

Derived from root √tap (to heat, to perform austerity)

Root: tap (class 1)

ह्रीः (hrīḥ) - modesty, shame, humility

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - modesty, shame, bashfulness, humility

Root: hrī (class 3)

आर्जवम् (ārjavam) - straightforwardness, honesty, integrity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārjava

ārjava - straightforwardness, honesty, integrity, rectitude

Derived from ṛju (straight, honest)

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, mastery (over senses/mind)

Derived from root √dam (to tame, control)

Root: dam (class 1)

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (masculine/neuter instrumental plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etas

etas - this

वर्धयते (vardhayate) - one increases (increases, causes to grow)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vṛdh

present tense, middle voice, third person, singular (causative)

Causative form of root √vṛdh, class 1 (middle voice) or 4 (active voice), present indicative.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तेजः (tejaḥ) - luster, glory, spiritual power, energy

(noun)

neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - luster, glory, spiritual power, energy, brilliance, sharp edge

पाप्मानम् (pāpmānam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāpman

pāpman - sin, evil, wickedness, vice

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपकर्षति (apakarṣati) - diminishes, draws away, removes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of apakṛṣ

present tense, active voice, third person, singular

Root √kṛṣ, class 1, with prefix apa-, present indicative.

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)