महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-185, verse-18

एतानासेवते यस्तु तपस्तस्य प्रहीयते ।
यस्त्वेतान्नाचरेद्विद्वांस्तपस्तस्याभिवर्धते ॥१८॥

18. etānāsevate yastu tapastasya prahīyate ,
yastvetānnācaredvidvāṁstapastasyābhivardhate.

18. etān āsevate yaḥ tu tapaḥ tasya prahīyate yaḥ tu
etān na ācaret vidvān tapaḥ tasya abhivardhate

18. yaḥ tu etān āsevate tasya tapaḥ prahīyate yaḥ tu
vidvān etān na ācaret tasya tapaḥ abhivardhate

18. But whoever practices these (vices), his spiritual discipline (tapas) diminishes. But the wise one (vidvān) who does not practice these, his spiritual discipline (tapas) flourishes.

Words meanings summery:

• एतान् (etān) - these (vices mentioned in the previous verse) (these)

• आसेवते (āsevate) - practices (indulges in, practices, cultivates, serves)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, spiritual discipline, heat)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)

• प्रहीयते (prahīyate) - diminishes (diminishes, wastes away, disappears)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• एतान् (etān) - these (vices mentioned in the previous verse) (these)

• न (na) - not, no

• आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice (should practice, should observe, should perform)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise one (vidvān) (wise, learned, knowing, scholar)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, spiritual discipline, heat)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)

• अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - flourishes (increases, flourishes, grows, prospers)

Words meanings and morphology

एतान् (etān) - these (vices mentioned in the previous verse) (these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

आसेवते (āsevate) - practices (indulges in, practices, cultivates, serves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of sev

present tense, middle voice

From root sev (div. 1, Ātmanepada) 'to serve'. Present indicative, 3rd person singular, with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sev (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whatever

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, spiritual discipline, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, spiritual discipline, heat, penance

Root: tap (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

प्रहीयते (prahīyate) - diminishes (diminishes, wastes away, disappears)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of hā

present tense, middle/passive voice

From root hā (div. 3, Ātmanepada) 'to leave, to quit, to decrease'. Present indicative, 3rd person singular, with prefix 'pra', passive/middle voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whatever

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

एतान् (etān) - these (vices mentioned in the previous verse) (these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आचरेत् (ācaret) - should practice (should practice, should observe, should perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of car

optative mood, active voice

From root car (div. 1, Parasmaipada) 'to move, to practice'. Optative, 3rd person singular, with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

विद्वान् (vidvān) - the wise one (vidvān) (wise, learned, knowing, scholar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing, scholar

Present Active Participle

From root vid (div. 2) 'to know'. Present active participle, masculine nominative singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, spiritual discipline, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, spiritual discipline, heat, penance

Root: tap (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

अभिवर्धते (abhivardhate) - flourishes (increases, flourishes, grows, prospers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vṛdh

present tense, middle voice

From root vṛdh (div. 1, Ātmanepada) 'to grow'. Present indicative, 3rd person singular, with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)