महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-185, verse-1

भृगुरुवाच ।
वानप्रस्थाः खलु ऋषिधर्ममनुसरन्तः पुण्यानि तीर्थानि नदीप्रस्रवणानि सुविविक्तेष्वरण्येषु मृगमहिषवराहसृमरगजाकीर्णेषु तपस्यन्तोऽनुसंचरन्ति ।
त्यक्तग्राम्यवस्त्राहारोपभोगा वन्यौषधिमूलफलपर्णपरिमितविचित्रनियताहाराः स्थानासनिनो भूमिपाषाणसिकताशर्करावालुकाभस्मशायिनः काशकुशचर्मवल्कलसंवृताङ्गाः केशश्मश्रुनखरोमधारिणो नियतकालोपस्पर्शना अस्कन्नहोमबलिकालानुष्ठायिनः समित्कुशकुसुमोपहारहोमार्जनलब्धविश्रामाः शीतोष्णपवननिष्टप्तविभिन्नसर्वत्वचो विविधनियमयोगचर्याविहितधर्मानुष्ठानहृतमांसशोणितास्त्वगस्थिभूता धृतिपराः सत्त्वयोगाच्छरीराण्युद्वहन्ति ॥१॥

1. bhṛguruvāca ,
vānaprasthāḥ khalu ṛṣidharmamanusarantaḥ puṇyāni tīrthāni nadīprasravaṇāni suvivikteṣvaraṇyeṣu mṛgamahiṣavarāhasṛmaragajākīrṇeṣu tapasyanto'nusaṁcaranti ,
tyaktagrāmyavastrāhāropabhogā vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇaparimitavicitraniyatāhārāḥ sthānāsanino bhūmipāṣāṇasikatāśarkarāvālukābhasmaśāyinaḥ kāśakuśacarmavalkalasaṁvṛtāṅgāḥ keśaśmaśrunakharomadhāriṇo niyatakālopasparśanā askannahomabalikālānuṣṭhāyinaḥ samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjanalabdhaviśrāmāḥ śītoṣṇapavananiṣṭaptavibhinnasarvatvaco vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭhānahṛtamāṁsaśoṇitāstvagasthibhūtā dhṛtiparāḥ sattvayogāccharīrāṇyudvahanti.

1. bhṛguḥ uvāca vānaprasthāḥ khalu ṛṣidharmam anusarantaḥ puṇyāni tīrthāni nadīprasravaṇāni suvivikteṣu araṇyeṣu mṛgamahiṣavarāhasṛmaragajākīrṇeṣu tapasyantaḥ
anusaṃcaranti tyaktagrāmyavastrāhāropabhogāḥ vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇaparimitavicitraniyitāhārāḥ sthānāsaninaḥ bhūmipāṣāṇasikatāśarkaravālukābhasmaśāyinaḥ
kāśakuśacarmavalkalasaṃvṛtāṅgāḥ keśaśmaśrunakharomadhāriṇaḥ niyatakālopasparśanāḥ askannahomabalikālānusthāyinaḥ samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjanalabdhaviśrāmāḥ
śītoṣṇapavananistaptavibhinnasarvatvacaḥ vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭānahṛtamāṃsaśoṇitāḥ tvagasthibhūtāḥ dhṛtiparāḥ sattvayogāt śarīrāṇi udvahanti

1. bhṛguḥ uvāca.
khalu vānaprasthāḥ ṛṣidharmam anusarantaḥ,
puṇyāni tīrthāni nadīprasravaṇāni suvivikteṣu mṛgamahiṣavarāhasṛmaragajākīrṇeṣu araṇyeṣu tapasyantaḥ anusaṃcaranti.
tyaktagrāmyavastrāhāropabhogāḥ,
vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇaparimitavicitraniyitāhārāḥ,
sthānāsaninaḥ,
bhūmipāṣāṇasikatāśarkaravālukābhasmaśāyinaḥ,
kāśakuśacarmavalkalasaṃvṛtāṅgāḥ,
keśaśmaśrunakharomadhāriṇaḥ,
niyatakālopasparśanāḥ,
askannahomabalikālānusthāyinaḥ,
samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjanalabdhaviśrāmāḥ,
śītoṣṇapavananistaptavibhinnasarvatvacaḥ,
vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭānahṛtamāṃsaśoṇitāḥ,
tvagasthibhūtāḥ,
dhṛtiparāḥ (santo),
sattvayogāt śarīrāṇi udvahanti.

1. Bhṛgu said: Indeed, forest-dwellers (vānaprasthas), following the ascetic discipline (dharma) of sages, wander about, performing austerities (tapas) in very solitary forests—which are frequented by deer, buffaloes, boars, śṛmaras, and elephants—as well as in sacred pilgrimage places and river springs. They have forsaken the enjoyment of village clothes and food, their varied and regulated diets consisting solely of wild herbs, roots, fruits, and leaves. They observe specific vows of standing or sitting, and sleep on the ground, on stones, sand, gravel, pebbles, or ashes. Their bodies are clad in kasha grass, kuśa grass, animal hides, or bark, and they refrain from cutting their hair, beards, nails, or body hair. They perform ritual ablutions at prescribed times and diligently carry out the appointed sacrifices and offerings. They find their repose in the sacred acts of offering and purification with sacrificial twigs, kuśa grass, and flowers. Their entire skin is scorched and cracked by exposure to cold, heat, and wind. Their flesh and blood are depleted by the performance of their natural law (dharma), mandated by various vows and ascetic practices (yoga). Having become mere skin and bones, they sustain their bodies solely through profound fortitude and the power of their inner strength.

Words meanings summery:

• भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhṛgu (a name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वानप्रस्थाः (vānaprasthāḥ) - forest-dwellers (those in the third āśrama)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly

• ऋषिधर्मम् (ṛṣidharmam) - the natural law (dharma) or ascetic discipline of sages

• अनुसरन्तः (anusarantaḥ) - following, pursuing, conforming to

• पुण्यानि (puṇyāni) - sacred, holy, meritorious

• तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - pilgrimage places, sacred bathing places

• नदीप्रस्रवणानि (nadīprasravaṇāni) - river sources, river springs

• सुविविक्तेषु (suvivikteṣu) - in very solitary, very remote (forests)

• अरण्येषु (araṇyeṣu) - in forests, in wildernesses

• मृगमहिषवराहसृमरगजाकीर्णेषु (mṛgamahiṣavarāhasṛmaragajākīrṇeṣu) - filled with deer, buffaloes, boars, śṛmaras (a type of deer/animal), and elephants

• तपस्यन्तः (tapasyantaḥ) - performing austerities (tapas), practicing penance

• अनुसंचरन्ति (anusaṁcaranti) - they wander about, they roam

• त्यक्तग्राम्यवस्त्राहारोपभोगाः (tyaktagrāmyavastrāhāropabhogāḥ) - those who have abandoned the use/enjoyment of village clothes and food

• वन्यौषधिमूलफलपर्णपरिमितविचित्रनियिताहाराः (vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇaparimitavicitraniyitāhārāḥ) - those whose varied and restricted diets are limited to wild herbs, roots, fruits, and leaves

• स्थानासनिनः (sthānāsaninaḥ) - those who remain standing or sitting (as a vow)

• भूमिपाषाणसिकताशर्करवालुकाभस्मशायिनः (bhūmipāṣāṇasikatāśarkaravālukābhasmaśāyinaḥ) - those who sleep on the ground, on stones, sand, gravel, pebbles, or ashes

• काशकुशचर्मवल्कलसंवृताङ्गाः (kāśakuśacarmavalkalasaṁvṛtāṅgāḥ) - whose bodies are covered with kasha grass, kuśa grass, hides, or bark

• केशश्मश्रुनखरोमधारिणः (keśaśmaśrunakharomadhāriṇaḥ) - those who bear (i.e., do not cut) hair, beards, nails, and body hair

• नियतकालोपस्पर्शनाः (niyatakālopasparśanāḥ) - those who perform ritual bathing at fixed times

• अस्कन्नहोमबलिकालानुस्थायिनः (askannahomabalikālānusthāyinaḥ) - those who perform sacrifices (homa) and offerings (bali) at their appointed times without fail

• समित्कुशकुसुमोपहारहोमार्जनलब्धविश्रामाः (samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjanalabdhaviśrāmāḥ) - those who obtain rest from the rituals of offering and purifying with sacrificial twigs, kuśa grass, and flower offerings

• शीतोष्णपवननिस्तप्तविभिन्नसर्वत्वचः (śītoṣṇapavananistaptavibhinnasarvatvacaḥ) - whose entire skin is scorched and cracked by cold, heat, and wind

• विविधनियमयोगचर्याविहितधर्मानुष्टानहृतमांसशोणिताः (vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭānahṛtamāṁsaśoṇitāḥ) - whose flesh and blood have been diminished by the performance of duties (dharma) prescribed by various vows and ascetic practices (yoga)

• त्वगस्थिभूताः (tvagasthibhūtāḥ) - having become mere skin and bones

• धृतिपराः (dhṛtiparāḥ) - intent on fortitude, supreme in endurance

• सत्त्वयोगात् (sattvayogāt) - by virtue of their inner strength, by the power of sattva

• शरीराणि (śarīrāṇi) - bodies

• उद्वहन्ति (udvahanti) - they sustain, they bear, they carry

Words meanings and morphology

भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhṛgu (a name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛgu

bhṛgu - name of an ancient sage, son of Brahmā

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular active perfect of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

वानप्रस्थाः (vānaprasthāḥ) - forest-dwellers (those in the third āśrama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānaprastha

vānaprastha - a forest-dweller, hermit, one in the third stage of life (āśrama)

From vana (forest) + prastha (staying, being in).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+prastha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• prastha – standing, situated, going forth
  adjective
  Derived from √sthā with pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sthā (class 1)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

ऋषिधर्मम् (ṛṣidharmam) - the natural law (dharma) or ascetic discipline of sages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣidharma

ṛṣidharma - the natural law (dharma) or practice of a sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (ṛṣi+dharma)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet, ascetic
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, to support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अनुसरन्तः (anusarantaḥ) - following, pursuing, conforming to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anusarant

anusarant - following, pursuing, conforming to

Present Active Participle

From root √sṛ (to go) with prefix anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

पुण्यानि (puṇyāni) - sacred, holy, meritorious

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of puṇya

puṇya - auspicious, sacred, holy, pure, meritorious, virtuous

Note: Qualifies 'tīrthāni' and 'nadīprasravaṇāni'.

तीर्थानि (tīrthāni) - pilgrimage places, sacred bathing places

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tīrtha

tīrtha - a ford, a bathing place, a sacred spot, a place of pilgrimage

नदीप्रस्रवणानि (nadīprasravaṇāni) - river sources, river springs

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nadīprasravaṇa

nadīprasravaṇa - source of a river, river spring

Compound type : tatpurusha (nadī+prasravaṇa)

• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• prasravaṇa – flowing forth, stream, spring, waterfall
  noun (neuter)
  From √sru (to flow) with pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sru (class 1)

सुविविक्तेषु (suvivikteṣu) - in very solitary, very remote (forests)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of suvivikta

suvivikta - very solitary, very remote, very secluded

From su- (good, intense) + vivikta (separated, secluded).

Compound type : prādi (su+vivikta)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• vivikta – separated, secluded, solitary, private
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vic (to separate) with vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vic (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'araṇyeṣu'.

अरण्येषु (araṇyeṣu) - in forests, in wildernesses

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, uninhabited place

मृगमहिषवराहसृमरगजाकीर्णेषु (mṛgamahiṣavarāhasṛmaragajākīrṇeṣu) - filled with deer, buffaloes, boars, śṛmaras (a type of deer/animal), and elephants

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of mṛgamahiṣavarāhasṛmaragajākīrṇa

mṛgamahiṣavarāhasṛmaragajākīrṇa - crowded or filled with deer, buffaloes, boars, śṛmaras, and elephants

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛga+mahiṣa+varāha+sṛmara+gaja+ākīrṇa)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• mahiṣa – buffalo
  noun (masculine)
• varāha – boar, wild hog
  noun (masculine)
• sṛmara – a kind of deer or wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• ākīrṇa – scattered, filled, covered, crowded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṝ (to scatter) with ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṝ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'araṇyeṣu'.

तपस्यन्तः (tapasyantaḥ) - performing austerities (tapas), practicing penance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapasyant

tapasyant - performing austerity, practicing penance

Present Active Participle

From a denominative verb 'tapasyati' (to perform tapas).

Root: tapas

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

अनुसंचरन्ति (anusaṁcaranti) - they wander about, they roam

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of anusaṃcar

Present Indicative

3rd person plural active present of √car (to move) with prefixes anu- and sam-.

Prefixes: anu+sam

Root: car (class 1)

त्यक्तग्राम्यवस्त्राहारोपभोगाः (tyaktagrāmyavastrāhāropabhogāḥ) - those who have abandoned the use/enjoyment of village clothes and food

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tyaktagrāmyavastrāhāropabhoga

tyaktagrāmyavastrāhāropabhoga - one who has renounced the enjoyment of village clothes and food

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tyakta+grāmyavastrāhāropabhoga)

• tyakta – abandoned, given up, left
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √tyaj (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• grāmyavastrāhāropabhoga – enjoyment of village clothes and food
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

वन्यौषधिमूलफलपर्णपरिमितविचित्रनियिताहाराः (vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇaparimitavicitraniyitāhārāḥ) - those whose varied and restricted diets are limited to wild herbs, roots, fruits, and leaves

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇaparimitavicitraniyitāhāra

vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇaparimitavicitraniyitāhāra - one whose fixed and varied diet is limited to wild herbs, roots, fruits, and leaves

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇa+parimita+vicitra+niyatāhāra)

• vanyauṣadhimūlaphalaparṇa – wild herbs, roots, fruits, and leaves
  noun (neuter)
• parimita – measured, limited, restricted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √mā (to measure) with pari-.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: mā (class 2)
• vicitra – various, diverse, variegated
  adjective
• niyatāhāra – regulated diet, fixed food
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

स्थानासनिनः (sthānāsaninaḥ) - those who remain standing or sitting (as a vow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthānāsanin

sthānāsanin - one who practices standing and sitting (as an ascetic posture/vow)

Derived from sthāna (standing) and āsana (sitting).

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

भूमिपाषाणसिकताशर्करवालुकाभस्मशायिनः (bhūmipāṣāṇasikatāśarkaravālukābhasmaśāyinaḥ) - those who sleep on the ground, on stones, sand, gravel, pebbles, or ashes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhūmipāṣāṇasikatāśarkaravālukābhasmaśāyin

bhūmipāṣāṇasikatāśarkaravālukābhasmaśāyin - one who sleeps on the ground, stones, sand, gravel, pebbles, or ashes

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : dvandva (bhūmi+pāṣāṇa+sikatā+śarkara+vālukā+bhasma+śāyin)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāṣāṇa – stone, rock
  noun (masculine)
• sikatā – sand
  noun (feminine)
• śarkara – gravel, grit, small stone
  noun (masculine)
• vālukā – sand, dust
  noun (feminine)
• bhasma – ashes, sacred ash
  noun (neuter)
• śāyin – sleeping, lying, resting
  adjective
  From √śī (to lie, to sleep).
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

काशकुशचर्मवल्कलसंवृताङ्गाः (kāśakuśacarmavalkalasaṁvṛtāṅgāḥ) - whose bodies are covered with kasha grass, kuśa grass, hides, or bark

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāśakuśacarmavalkalasaṃvṛtāṅga

kāśakuśacarmavalkalasaṁvṛtāṅga - one whose limbs are covered with kasha grass, kuśa grass, animal hide, or tree bark

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kāśakuśacarmavalkala+saṃvṛtāṅga)

• kāśakuśacarmavalkala – kasha grass, kuśa grass, hides, or bark
  noun (masculine)
• saṃvṛtāṅga – covered-bodied, one whose body is covered
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

केशश्मश्रुनखरोमधारिणः (keśaśmaśrunakharomadhāriṇaḥ) - those who bear (i.e., do not cut) hair, beards, nails, and body hair

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of keśaśmaśrunakharomadhārin

keśaśmaśrunakharomadhārin - one who wears or keeps hair, beard, nails, and body hair (uncut)

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : dvandva (keśa+śmaśru+nakha+roman+dhārin)

• keśa – hair (on the head)
  noun (masculine)
• śmaśru – beard, mustache
  noun (neuter)
• nakha – nail (fingernail or toenail)
  noun (masculine)
• roman – body hair
  noun (neuter)
• dhārin – bearing, holding, wearing, possessing
  adjective
  From √dhṛ (to hold, to bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

नियतकालोपस्पर्शनाः (niyatakālopasparśanāḥ) - those who perform ritual bathing at fixed times

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyatakālopasparśana

niyatakālopasparśana - one who performs ritual bathing at fixed times

Compound type : tatpurusha (niyatakāla+upasparśana)

• niyatakāla – fixed time, prescribed time
  noun (masculine)
• upasparśana – touching, bathing (ritual ablution)
  noun (neuter)
  From √spṛś (to touch) with upa-.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

अस्कन्नहोमबलिकालानुस्थायिनः (askannahomabalikālānusthāyinaḥ) - those who perform sacrifices (homa) and offerings (bali) at their appointed times without fail

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of askannahomabalikālānusthāyin

askannahomabalikālānusthāyin - one who regularly performs sacrifices and offerings at their proper times

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (askanna+homabalikālānusthāyin)

• askanna – unfailing, not dropped, not spilled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Negative prefix a- with skanna (fallen, dropped), from √skand.
  Prefix: a
  Root: skand (class 1)
• homabalikālānusthāyin – one who performs homa and bali at proper times
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

समित्कुशकुसुमोपहारहोमार्जनलब्धविश्रामाः (samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjanalabdhaviśrāmāḥ) - those who obtain rest from the rituals of offering and purifying with sacrificial twigs, kuśa grass, and flower offerings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjanalabdhaviśrāma

samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjanalabdhaviśrāma - one who finds rest through offerings and purifications with twigs, kuśa grass, and flower presents

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjana+labdhaviśrāma)

• samitkuśakusumopahārahomārjana – offerings and purifications with sacrificial twigs, kuśa grass, and flower presents
  noun (neuter)
• labdhaviśrāma – one who has obtained rest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

शीतोष्णपवननिस्तप्तविभिन्नसर्वत्वचः (śītoṣṇapavananistaptavibhinnasarvatvacaḥ) - whose entire skin is scorched and cracked by cold, heat, and wind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śītoṣṇapavananistaptavibhinnasarvatvac

śītoṣṇapavananistaptavibhinnasarvatvac - one whose entire skin is scorched and cracked by cold, heat, and wind

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śītoṣṇapavananistapta+vibhinnasarvatvac)

• śītoṣṇapavana – cold, heat, and wind
  noun (masculine)
• nistapta – scorched, burnt, heated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √tap (to heat) with nis-.
  Prefix: nis
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vibhinnasarvatvac – one whose entire skin is cracked
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

विविधनियमयोगचर्याविहितधर्मानुष्टानहृतमांसशोणिताः (vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭānahṛtamāṁsaśoṇitāḥ) - whose flesh and blood have been diminished by the performance of duties (dharma) prescribed by various vows and ascetic practices (yoga)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭānahṛtamāṃsaśoṇita

vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭānahṛtamāṁsaśoṇita - one whose flesh and blood are diminished by the performance of natural law (dharma) prescribed by various vows and ascetic practices (yoga)

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭāna+hṛtamāṃsaśoṇita)

• vividhaniyamayogacaryāvihitadharmānuṣṭāna – performance of natural law (dharma) prescribed by various vows and ascetic practices (yoga)
  noun (neuter)
• hṛtamāṃsaśoṇita – whose flesh and blood are taken away/diminished
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

त्वगस्थिभूताः (tvagasthibhūtāḥ) - having become mere skin and bones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvagasthibhūta

tvagasthibhūta - one who has become skin and bone, emaciated

Compound descriptive adjective.

Compound type : tatpurusha (tvac+asthi+bhūta)

• tvac – skin, hide
  noun (feminine)
• asthi – bone
  noun (neuter)
• bhūta – become, been, existing
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhū (to be, to become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

धृतिपराः (dhṛtiparāḥ) - intent on fortitude, supreme in endurance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛtipara

dhṛtipara - devoted to fortitude, having endurance as supreme

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhṛti+para)

• dhṛti – fortitude, firmness, patience, endurance
  noun (feminine)
  From √dhṛ (to hold, to support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• para – supreme, excellent, chief, devoted to
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'vānaprasthāḥ'.

सत्त्वयोगात् (sattvayogāt) - by virtue of their inner strength, by the power of sattva

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sattvayoga

sattvayoga - the conjunction or application of inner strength/purity

Compound type : tatpurusha (sattva+yoga)

• sattva – goodness, purity, essence, strength, existence
  noun (neuter)
• yoga – union, conjunction, application, discipline, spiritual practice
  noun (masculine)
  From √yuj (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

शरीराणि (śarīrāṇi) - bodies

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal frame

उद्वहन्ति (udvahanti) - they sustain, they bear, they carry

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udvah

Present Indicative

3rd person plural active present of √vah (to carry) with prefix ud-.

Prefix: ud

Root: vah (class 1)