महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-16, verse-5

कथं हि राजा लोकस्य सर्वशास्त्रविशारदः ।
मोहमापद्यते दैन्याद्यथा कुपुरुषस्तथा ॥५॥

5. kathaṁ hi rājā lokasya sarvaśāstraviśāradaḥ ,
mohamāpadyate dainyādyathā kupuruṣastathā.

5. katham hi rājā lokasya sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ
moham āpadyate dainyāt yathā kupuruṣaḥ tathā

5. katham hi lokasya sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ rājā
dainyāt moham āpadyate yathā kupuruṣaḥ tathā

5. How indeed can a king, expert in all branches of knowledge (śāstra), fall into such delusion (moha) due to wretchedness, just like an ignoble man?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world, of the people

• सर्व-शास्त्र-विशारदः (sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ) - expert in all sciences/scriptures

• मोहम् (moham) - delusion, bewilderment, infatuation

• आपद्यते (āpadyate) - falls into, attains, reaches

• दैन्यात् (dainyāt) - from wretchedness, from misery, from humility

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• कुपुरुषः (kupuruṣaḥ) - ignoble man, bad man

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world, of the people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, community, space

सर्व-शास्त्र-विशारदः (sarva-śāstra-viśāradaḥ) - expert in all sciences/scriptures

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva-śāstra-viśārada

sarva-śāstra-viśārada - expert in all sciences/scriptures/branches of knowledge

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+śāstra+viśārada)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• śāstra – scripture, treatise, science, discipline
  noun (neuter)
• viśārada – expert, skilled, learned
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: vi

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

मोहम् (moham) - delusion, bewilderment, infatuation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, infatuation, bewilderment, unconsciousness

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'āpadyate'.

आपद्यते (āpadyate) - falls into, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of āpad

present indicative, ātmanepada

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Formed from 'ā-pad'.

दैन्यात् (dainyāt) - from wretchedness, from misery, from humility

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - wretchedness, misery, helplessness, humility

Derived from dīna (wretched) + ṣyaÑ

Note: Expresses cause.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative with 'tathā'.

कुपुरुषः (kupuruṣaḥ) - ignoble man, bad man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kupuruṣa

kupuruṣa - bad man, ignoble person, wicked person

Compound type : tatpurusha (ku+puruṣa)

• ku – bad, evil, contemptible
  indeclinable
  indeclinable prefix
• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being, the cosmic person
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of implied 'falls into delusion'.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative with 'yathā'.