महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-16, verse-2

राजन्विदितधर्मोऽसि न तेऽस्त्यविदितं भुवि ।
उपशिक्षाम ते वृत्तं सदैव न च शक्नुमः ॥२॥

2. rājanviditadharmo'si na te'styaviditaṁ bhuvi ,
upaśikṣāma te vṛttaṁ sadaiva na ca śaknumaḥ.

2. rājan viditadharmaḥ asi na te asti aviditam bhuvi
upaśikṣāma te vṛttam sadā eva na ca śaknumaḥ

2. rājan te aviditam bhuvi na asti viditadharmaḥ
asi sadā eva te vṛttam upaśikṣāma ca na śaknumaḥ

2. O King, you are conversant with the natural law (dharma), and nothing on earth is unknown to you. We are always trying to instruct you on proper conduct, yet we are never able to succeed.

Words meanings summery:

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• विदितधर्मः (viditadharmaḥ) - one who knows (dharma), conversant with natural law

• असि (asi) - you are

• न (na) - not

• ते (te) - to you, by you

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• अविदितम् (aviditam) - unknown

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• उपशिक्षाम (upaśikṣāma) - we instruct, we teach

• ते (te) - to you, your

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, occurrence

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• शक्नुमः (śaknumaḥ) - we are able

Words meanings and morphology

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

विदितधर्मः (viditadharmaḥ) - one who knows (dharma), conversant with natural law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viditadharma

viditadharma - one who knows (dharma), acquainted with duty/law/righteousness

Bahuvrīhi compound: vidita (known) + dharma (law/duty). 'One for whom dharma is known'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidita+dharma)

• vidita – known, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vid (to know) + -ta suffix
  Root: vid (class 2)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support) + -man suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'you'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of as

Present Active

From root √as (to be), 2nd person singular, Present tense, Parasmaidapi.

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle of negation

ते (te) - to you, by you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Enclitic Dative or Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad' (you). Here, dative 'to you'.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of as

Present Active

From root √as (to be), 3rd person singular, Present tense, Parasmaidapi.

Root: as (class 2)

अविदितम् (aviditam) - unknown

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avidita

avidita - unknown, not known

Past Passive Participle

From a- (not) + vidita (known), a negation of vidita (from √vid).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• vidita – known, understood
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vid (to know) + -ta suffix
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied neuter noun or functions as a neuter noun itself ('nothing unknown').

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world

उपशिक्षाम (upaśikṣāma) - we instruct, we teach

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of śikṣ

Present Active

From root √śikṣ (to learn/teach) with prefix upa. 1st person plural, Present tense, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: upa

Root: śikṣ (class 1)

Note: From √śikṣ (to learn, teach) with upa- (near, towards).

ते (te) - to you, your

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Enclitic Dative/Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad' (you). Here dative 'to you' as indirect object of upaśikṣāma.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - conduct, behavior, occurrence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, course of action, occurrence, story

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root √vṛt (to be, exist, turn) + -ta suffix, used as a neuter noun.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of upaśikṣāma.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

Temporal indeclinable.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, even

(indeclinable)

particle emphasizing the preceding word

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle of negation

Note: Negates śaknumaḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction particle

Note: Connects the two clauses.

शक्नुमः (śaknumaḥ) - we are able

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of śak

Present Active

From root √śak (to be able), 1st person plural, Present tense, Parasmaidapi. Class 5 verb.

Root: śak (class 5)