महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-16, verse-11

शीतोष्णे चैव वायुश्च त्रयः शारीरजा गुणाः ।
तेषां गुणानां साम्यं च तदाहुः स्वस्थलक्षणम् ॥११॥

11. śītoṣṇe caiva vāyuśca trayaḥ śārīrajā guṇāḥ ,
teṣāṁ guṇānāṁ sāmyaṁ ca tadāhuḥ svasthalakṣaṇam.

11. śītoṣṇe ca eva vāyuḥ ca trayaḥ śārīrajāḥ guṇāḥ |
teṣām guṇānām sāmyam ca tat āhuḥ svasthalakṣaṇam

11. śītoṣṇe ca eva vāyuḥ ca trayaḥ śārīrajāḥ guṇāḥ
teṣām guṇānām sāmyam ca tat āhuḥ svasthalakṣaṇam

11. Cold, heat, and air (vāyu) are indeed the three qualities originating from the body. They declare that the balance (sāmya) of these qualities is the characteristic of a healthy state.

Words meanings summery:

• शीतोष्णे (śītoṣṇe) - Refers to the two contrasting qualities. In an Ayurvedic context, these are usually related to Pitta (heat) and Kapha (cold) or a general aspect of body temperature regulation. (cold and heat)

• च (ca) - Connects "cold and heat" with "vāyu". (and, also)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes that these are the very qualities. (indeed, only, certainly)

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Referring to the Ayurvedic vāyu (also known as vāta), a physiological constituent. (wind, air, vital air, one of the three humors (doṣas) in Ayurveda.)

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - The numeral for "cold", "heat", and "vāyu". (three)

• शारीरजाः (śārīrajāḥ) - Specifically referring to qualities arising from or pertaining to the physical body. (born of the body, bodily originating)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - In the context of health, these "qualities" (guṇa) refer to physiological factors, similar to the Ayurvedic doṣas or elements of bodily function. (qualities, properties, constituents, attributes)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring back to the "three bodily qualities." (of them, of those)

• गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - Specifically the qualities mentioned: cold, heat, and vāyu. (of the qualities, of the properties)

• साम्यम् (sāmyam) - The state of harmonious balance among the bodily qualities, essential for health. (equilibrium, balance, equality, likeness)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the "equilibrium of qualities." (that, this)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - Implying a general consensus or authoritative statement by experts (e.g., Ayurvedic teachers). (they say, they call, it is said)

• स्वस्थलक्षणम् (svasthalakṣaṇam) - The definitive attribute by which health is recognized. (characteristic of health, sign of being healthy, definition of health)

Words meanings and morphology

शीतोष्णे (śītoṣṇe) - Refers to the two contrasting qualities. In an Ayurvedic context, these are usually related to Pitta (heat) and Kapha (cold) or a general aspect of body temperature regulation. (cold and heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of śītoṣṇa

śītoṣṇa - cold and heat, cold-hot

Dvandva compound of śīta (cold) and uṣṇa (heat).

Compound type : dvandva (śīta+uṣṇa)

• śīta – cold, cool
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of śyai (to be cold)
  Root: śyai
• uṣṇa – hot, warm, heat
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of uṣ (to burn)
  Root: uṣ (class 1)

Note: Part of the list of three bodily qualities.

च (ca) - Connects "cold and heat" with "vāyu". (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

एव (eva) - Emphasizes that these are the very qualities. (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Referring to the Ayurvedic vāyu (also known as vāta), a physiological constituent. (wind, air, vital air, one of the three humors (doṣas) in Ayurveda.)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, vital air, one of the three bodily humors (doṣas)

From root vā (to blow)

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Part of the list of three bodily qualities.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - The numeral for "cold", "heat", and "vāyu". (three)

(numeral)

शारीरजाः (śārīrajāḥ) - Specifically referring to qualities arising from or pertaining to the physical body. (born of the body, bodily originating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śārīraja

śārīraja - born of the body, bodily

Tatpurusha compound: śarīra + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śarīra+ja)

• śarīra – body, corporeal
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies guṇāḥ.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - In the context of health, these "qualities" (guṇa) refer to physiological factors, similar to the Ayurvedic doṣas or elements of bodily function. (qualities, properties, constituents, attributes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, constituent, strand, virtue

Note: The subject of the first sentence.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring back to the "three bodily qualities." (of them, of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Possessive, modifying guṇānām.

गुणानाम् (guṇānām) - Specifically the qualities mentioned: cold, heat, and vāyu. (of the qualities, of the properties)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, constituent

Note: Modified by teṣām, referring to the listed qualities.

साम्यम् (sāmyam) - The state of harmonious balance among the bodily qualities, essential for health. (equilibrium, balance, equality, likeness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāmya

sāmya - equality, equilibrium, balance, likeness

From sama (equal, same) + -ya (suffix for abstract nouns).

Note: The subject of what is declared as "svasthalakṣaṇam".

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects sāmyam as the main topic or for emphasis.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the "equilibrium of qualities." (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - Implying a general consensus or authoritative statement by experts (e.g., Ayurvedic teachers). (they say, they call, it is said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ) of ah

Present tense, active voice

Irregular root ah (perfect form used as present)

Root: ah

Note: Implied subject is "the wise" or "authorities".

स्वस्थलक्षणम् (svasthalakṣaṇam) - The definitive attribute by which health is recognized. (characteristic of health, sign of being healthy, definition of health)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svasthalakṣaṇa

svasthalakṣaṇa - mark of a healthy person, characteristic of health

Tatpurusha compound: svastha (healthy) + lakṣaṇa (characteristic).

Compound type : tatpurusha (svastha+lakṣaṇa)

• svastha – healthy, well, self-reliant, at ease
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound sva (self) + stha (standing)
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  From root lakṣ (to mark, perceive)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Direct object of āhuḥ.