महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-16, verse-3

न वक्ष्यामि न वक्ष्यामीत्येवं मे मनसि स्थितम् ।
अतिदुःखात्तु वक्ष्यामि तन्निबोध जनाधिप ॥३॥

3. na vakṣyāmi na vakṣyāmītyevaṁ me manasi sthitam ,
atiduḥkhāttu vakṣyāmi tannibodha janādhipa.

3. na vakṣyāmi na vakṣyāmi iti evam me manasi sthitam
atiduḥkhāt tu vakṣyāmi tat nibodha janādhipa

3. na vakṣyāmi na vakṣyāmi iti evam me manasi sthitam
tu atiduḥkhāt vakṣyāmi janādhipa tat nibodha

3. It was indeed settled in my mind, 'I will not speak, I will not speak.' But compelled by immense sorrow, I will speak; therefore, O lord of men, hear that.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak

• न (na) - not

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• मे (me) - by me, in my (mind)

• मनसि (manasi) - in the mind

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - settled, stood, existing

• अतिदुःखात् (atiduḥkhāt) - from extreme sorrow, due to immense distress

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen carefully to that (hear, understand, know)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle of negation

Note: Negates 'vakṣyāmi'.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

From root √vac (to speak), 1st person singular, Future tense, Parasmaidapi.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

particle of negation

Note: Negates 'vakṣyāmi'.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

From root √vac (to speak), 1st person singular, Future tense, Parasmaidapi.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

particle

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Emphasizes the manner of thought.

मे (me) - by me, in my (mind)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Enclitic Dative/Genitive singular of 'asmad' (I/we). Here it implies possessive/locative sense with 'manasi'.

Note: Possessive with 'manasi'.

मनसि (manasi) - in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, thought

Root: man (class 4)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - settled, stood, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, fixed, firm, settled

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā (to stand) + -ta suffix, used as a neuter adjective modifying an implied noun, e.g., 'it' (tat).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective with implied 'iti evam'.

अतिदुःखात् (atiduḥkhāt) - from extreme sorrow, due to immense distress

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of atiduḥkha

atiduḥkha - extreme sorrow, great distress, intense suffering

From ati (exceedingly) + duḥkha (sorrow, pain).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+duḥkha)

• ati – exceedingly, very, beyond
  indeclinable
  prefix/preposition
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Conjunction showing contrast.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (Lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

From root √vac (to speak), 1st person singular, Future tense, Parasmaidapi.

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it (pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun. Neuter singular, accusative. Can also be adverbial 'therefore' or 'that which'.

निबोध (nibodha) - listen carefully to that (hear, understand, know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of budh

Imperative Active

From root √budh (to know) with prefix ni. 2nd person singular, Imperative tense, Parasmaidapi. Class 1 verb (bodhati).

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king

Tatpuruṣa compound: jana (men) + adhipa (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (over) + √pā (to protect, govern)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)