महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-16, verse-19

जटासुरात्परिक्लेशं चित्रसेनेन चाहवम् ।
सैन्धवाच्च परिक्लेशं कथं विस्मृतवानसि ।
पुनरज्ञातचर्यायां कीचकेन पदा वधम् ॥१९॥

19. jaṭāsurātparikleśaṁ citrasenena cāhavam ,
saindhavācca parikleśaṁ kathaṁ vismṛtavānasi ,
punarajñātacaryāyāṁ kīcakena padā vadham.

19. jaṭāsurāt parikleśam citrasenena
ca āhavam saindhavāt ca parikleśam
katham vismṛtavān asi punaḥ
ajñātacaryāyām kīcakena padā vadham

19. katham tvam vismṛtavān asi jaṭāsurāt
parikleśam citrasenena ca āhavam
saindhavāt ca parikleśam punaḥ
ajñātacaryāyām kīcakena padā vadham

19. How could you have forgotten the harassment from Jaṭāsura, and the battle with Citrasena, and the harassment from Saindhava? Furthermore, during the period of living incognito, the striking of Draupadī by Kīcaka with his foot?

Words meanings summery:

• जटासुरात् (jaṭāsurāt) - from the demon Jaṭāsura (from Jaṭāsura)

• परिक्लेशम् (parikleśam) - harassment, trouble (trouble, distress, harassment, suffering)

• चित्रसेनेन (citrasenena) - by Citrasena (a Gandharva king) (by Citrasena)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आहवम् (āhavam) - battle (battle, war, fight)

• सैन्धवात् (saindhavāt) - from Jayadratha, the lord of Sindhu (Saindhava) (from Saindhava)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परिक्लेशम् (parikleśam) - harassment, trouble (trouble, distress, harassment, suffering)

• कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible) (how, in what manner)

• विस्मृतवान् (vismṛtavān) - having forgotten (having forgotten, one who has forgotten)

• असि (asi) - you are

• पुनः (punaḥ) - furthermore, again (again, further, moreover)

• अज्ञातचर्यायाम् (ajñātacaryāyām) - during the period of living incognito (referring to the 13th year of exile) (in the state of living unknown, during the incognito period)

• कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka (a general in the Matsya kingdom) (by Kīcaka)

• पदा (padā) - with his foot, by a kick (by foot, with a foot)

• वधम् (vadham) - striking/kicking (an injury, referring to Draupadī being kicked) (killing, slaying, striking, hitting, injury)

Words meanings and morphology

जटासुरात् (jaṭāsurāt) - from the demon Jaṭāsura (from Jaṭāsura)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of jaṭāsura

jaṭāsura - Jaṭāsura (a demon with matted hair)

Note: Source of trouble.

परिक्लेशम् (parikleśam) - harassment, trouble (trouble, distress, harassment, suffering)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parikleśa

parikleśa - trouble, distress, annoyance, harassment

From root `kliś` (to suffer) with prefix `pari`.

Prefix: pari

Root: kliś (class 9)

Note: Object of implied 'remember/forget'.

चित्रसेनेन (citrasenena) - by Citrasena (a Gandharva king) (by Citrasena)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of citrasena

citrasena - Citrasena (name of a Gandharva king)

Note: Agent of the battle.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

आहवम् (āhavam) - battle (battle, war, fight)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, contest

From root `hve` (to call) with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Object of implied 'remember/forget'.

सैन्धवात् (saindhavāt) - from Jayadratha, the lord of Sindhu (Saindhava) (from Saindhava)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu; a king of Sindhu (Jayadratha)

Note: Source of trouble.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

परिक्लेशम् (parikleśam) - harassment, trouble (trouble, distress, harassment, suffering)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parikleśa

parikleśa - trouble, distress, annoyance, harassment

From root `kliś` (to suffer) with prefix `pari`.

Prefix: pari

Root: kliś (class 9)

Note: Object of implied 'remember/forget'.

कथम् (katham) - how (is it possible) (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

विस्मृतवान् (vismṛtavān) - having forgotten (having forgotten, one who has forgotten)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismṛtavat

vismṛtavat - having forgotten, having become oblivious

Past Active Participle (kṛt प्रत्यय - ktavatu)

From root `smṛ` (to remember) with prefix `vi` and suffix `tavat`.

Prefix: vi

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'you'.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present indicative

Present, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - furthermore, again (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अज्ञातचर्यायाम् (ajñātacaryāyām) - during the period of living incognito (referring to the 13th year of exile) (in the state of living unknown, during the incognito period)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ajñātacaryā

ajñātacaryā - living incognito, state of being unknown

Compound: `a` (not) + `jñāta` (known, PPP of `jñā`) + `caryā` (conduct, living).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (a+jñāta+caryā)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jñāta – known, understood
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `jñā` (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• caryā – conduct, practice, living
  noun (feminine)
  From root `car` (to move, conduct)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Indicates the time period.

कीचकेन (kīcakena) - by Kīcaka (a general in the Matsya kingdom) (by Kīcaka)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kīcaka

kīcaka - Kīcaka (name of a general)

Note: Agent of the `vadham`.

पदा (padā) - with his foot, by a kick (by foot, with a foot)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, word, position

Note: Means by which the harm was inflicted.

वधम् (vadham) - striking/kicking (an injury, referring to Draupadī being kicked) (killing, slaying, striking, hitting, injury)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - striking, slaying, killing, injury, assault

From root `vadh` (to strike, slay).

Root: vadh (class 1)