महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-16, verse-10

शारीरमानसे दुःखे योऽतीते अनुशोचति ।
दुःखेन लभते दुःखं द्वावनर्थौ प्रपद्यते ॥१०॥

10. śārīramānase duḥkhe yo'tīte anuśocati ,
duḥkhena labhate duḥkhaṁ dvāvanarthau prapadyate.

10. śārīramānase duḥkhe yaḥ atīte anuśocati |
duḥkhena labhate duḥkham dvau anarthau prapadyate

10. yaḥ atīte śārīramānase duḥkhe anuśocati duḥkhena
duḥkham labhate dvau anarthau prapadyate

10. Whoever laments over past bodily and mental sufferings (duḥkha), obtains further suffering through that very suffering, thereby encountering two calamities.

Words meanings summery:

• शारीरमानसे (śārīramānase) - Referring to the two types of suffering (bodily and mental) (bodily and mental (dual))

• दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in suffering, in misery, in pain

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• अतीते (atīte) - Referring to sufferings that are no longer present. (past, gone, elapsed)

• अनुशोचति (anuśocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows after

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - Serving as the means or instrument by which more suffering is obtained. (by sorrow, through misery, with suffering)

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - An additional, new suffering that is acquired. (suffering, pain, misery, sorrow)

• द्वौ (dvau) - two

• अनर्थौ (anarthau) - The 'two misfortunes' are presumably the original past suffering and the new suffering acquired by dwelling on it. (misfortunes, evils, calamities)

• प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, falls into, resorts to, reaches

Words meanings and morphology

शारीरमानसे (śārīramānase) - Referring to the two types of suffering (bodily and mental) (bodily and mental (dual))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, dual of śārīramānasa

śārīramānasa - bodily and mental

Tatpurusha compound or Dvandva compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (śārīra+mānasa)

• śārīra – bodily, physical
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from śarīra (body)
• mānasa – mental, pertaining to the mind
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from manas (mind)

Note: Qualifies duḥkhe.

दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in suffering, in misery, in pain

(noun)

Locative, neuter, dual of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: The object of grief, implying 'in the matter of'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: The subject of anuśocati.

अतीते (atīte) - Referring to sufferings that are no longer present. (past, gone, elapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, dual of atīta

atīta - past, gone, elapsed, deceased

Past Passive Participle

From ati-i (to go beyond)

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies duḥkhe.

अनुशोचति (anuśocati) - grieves, laments, sorrows after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anuśoc

Present tense, active voice

From anu-śuc (to grieve, lament)

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - Serving as the means or instrument by which more suffering is obtained. (by sorrow, through misery, with suffering)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

लभते (labhate) - obtains, gets, receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present tense, middle voice

Root labh (Div. 1)

Root: labh (class 1)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - An additional, new suffering that is acquired. (suffering, pain, misery, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Direct object of labhate.

द्वौ (dvau) - two

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with anarthau.

अनर्थौ (anarthau) - The 'two misfortunes' are presumably the original past suffering and the new suffering acquired by dwelling on it. (misfortunes, evils, calamities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, useless, meaningless

Negative compound (Nañ-tatpuruṣa) of artha (purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+artha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• artha – meaning, purpose, wealth, advantage, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of prapadyate (or object, if prapadyate is middle voice meaning 'falls into'). Here nominative seems correct, 'two misfortunes are attained by him'.

प्रपद्यते (prapadyate) - attains, falls into, resorts to, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prapad

Present tense, middle voice

From pra-pad (to go forward, to fall)

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The implied subject is yaḥ.