महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-16, verse-12

तेषामन्यतमोत्सेके विधानमुपदिष्यते ।
उष्णेन बाध्यते शीतं शीतेनोष्णं प्रबाध्यते ॥१२॥

12. teṣāmanyatamotseke vidhānamupadiṣyate ,
uṣṇena bādhyate śītaṁ śītenoṣṇaṁ prabādhyate.

12. teṣām anyatama utseke vidhānam upadiṣyate |
uṣṇena bādhyate śītam śītena uṣṇam prabādhyate

12. teṣām anyatama utseke vidhānam upadiṣyate
uṣṇena śītam bādhyate śītena uṣṇam prabādhyate

12. When there is an excess (utseka) of any one of these (qualities), a specific treatment (vidhāna) is prescribed. Cold is overcome by heat, and heat is overcome by cold.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring to the three bodily qualities (cold, heat, vāyu) mentioned in the previous verse. (of them, of those)

• अन्यतम (anyatama) - Referring to any single quality (cold, heat, or vāyu) from the group of three. (any one, any one of many, one out of a number)

• उत्सेके (utseke) - Refers to a state of imbalance where one quality is present in too high a degree. (in the excess, in the increase, in the swelling)

• विधानम् (vidhānam) - A specific medical or remedial measure. (treatment, remedy, prescription, method, arrangement)

• उपदिष्यते (upadiṣyate) - The act of recommending a treatment. (is taught, is instructed, is prescribed, is advised)

• उष्णेन (uṣṇena) - The agent by which cold is overcome. (by heat, with heat)

• बाध्यते (bādhyate) - The natural action of one quality counteracting another. (is suppressed, is overcome, is afflicted, is harassed)

• शीतम् (śītam) - The quality of cold, which is to be counteracted. (cold, coolness)

• शीतेन (śītena) - The agent by which heat is overcome. (by cold, with cold)

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - The quality of heat, which is to be counteracted. (heat, warmth)

• प्रबाध्यते (prabādhyate) - Emphasizes the overcoming, perhaps suggesting a more intense effect due to the prefix pra. (is strongly suppressed, is completely overcome, is greatly afflicted)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Referring to the three bodily qualities (cold, heat, vāyu) mentioned in the previous verse. (of them, of those)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Part of a genitive construction with anyatama.

अन्यतम (anyatama) - Referring to any single quality (cold, heat, or vāyu) from the group of three. (any one, any one of many, one out of a number)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anyatama

anyatama - any one, one of many, whichever one

Superlative of anya (other).

Note: The subject implied in the conditional clause.

उत्सेके (utseke) - Refers to a state of imbalance where one quality is present in too high a degree. (in the excess, in the increase, in the swelling)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of utseka

utseka - overflow, excess, increase, swelling, arrogance

From ut-sic (to pour out, to overflow).

Prefix: ut

Root: sic (class 6)

Note: This locative absolute construction indicates "when there is an excess".

विधानम् (vidhānam) - A specific medical or remedial measure. (treatment, remedy, prescription, method, arrangement)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidhāna

vidhāna - arrangement, disposition, rule, injunction, treatment, method

From vi-dhā (to arrange, to prescribe).

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the passive verb upadiṣyate.

उपदिष्यते (upadiṣyate) - The act of recommending a treatment. (is taught, is instructed, is prescribed, is advised)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upadiś

Present tense, passive voice

From upa-diś (to point out, to instruct).

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

उष्णेन (uṣṇena) - The agent by which cold is overcome. (by heat, with heat)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, heat

Past Passive Participle of uṣ (to burn).

Root: uṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb bādhyate.

बाध्यते (bādhyate) - The natural action of one quality counteracting another. (is suppressed, is overcome, is afflicted, is harassed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bādh

Present tense, passive voice

Root bādh (Div. 1, ātmanepada), here used in passive.

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Subject is śītam.

शीतम् (śītam) - The quality of cold, which is to be counteracted. (cold, coolness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool, coldness

Past Passive Participle of śyai (to be cold).

Root: śyai

Note: Subject of bādhyate.

शीतेन (śītena) - The agent by which heat is overcome. (by cold, with cold)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool, coldness

Past Passive Participle of śyai (to be cold).

Root: śyai

Note: Agent of the passive verb prabādhyate.

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - The quality of heat, which is to be counteracted. (heat, warmth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, heat

Past Passive Participle of uṣ (to burn).

Root: uṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of prabādhyate.

प्रबाध्यते (prabādhyate) - Emphasizes the overcoming, perhaps suggesting a more intense effect due to the prefix pra. (is strongly suppressed, is completely overcome, is greatly afflicted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of prabādh

Present tense, passive voice

From pra-bādh (to strongly afflict, overcome).

Prefix: pra

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Subject is uṣṇam.