महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-108, verse-4

समहीनाधिकानां च यथावल्लक्षणोच्चयः ।
मध्यमस्य च तुष्ट्यर्थं यथा स्थेयं विवर्धता ॥४॥

4. samahīnādhikānāṁ ca yathāvallakṣaṇoccayaḥ ,
madhyamasya ca tuṣṭyarthaṁ yathā stheyaṁ vivardhatā.

4. samahīnādhikānām ca yathāvat lakṣaṇoccayaḥ
madhyamasya ca tuṣṭyartham yathā stheyam vivardhatā

4. ca samahīnādhikānām yathāvat lakṣaṇoccayaḥ ca
madhyamasya tuṣṭyartham yathā vivardhatā stheyam

4. [Tell me about] the precise determination of the characteristics of equals, inferiors, and superiors, and how a king, while prospering, should act to satisfy a neutral party.

Words meanings summery:

• समहीनाधिकानाम् (samahīnādhikānām) - of equals, inferiors, and superiors

• च (ca) - and, also

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, precisely, exactly as

• लक्षणोच्चयः (lakṣaṇoccayaḥ) - discernment/collection of characteristics

• मध्यमस्य (madhyamasya) - of the neutral or intermediate party in statecraft (of the middle, of the neutral party)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तुष्ट्यर्थम् (tuṣṭyartham) - for the sake of satisfaction

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which manner

• स्थेयम् (stheyam) - one should be, one should act, should stand

• विवर्धता (vivardhatā) - by a king who is prospering/growing (in power, wealth etc.) (by one who is growing/prospering)

Words meanings and morphology

समहीनाधिकानाम् (samahīnādhikānām) - of equals, inferiors, and superiors

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samahīnādhika

samahīnādhika - equals, inferiors, and superiors

Compound: sama (equal) + hīna (inferior) + adhika (superior). A Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (sama+hīna+adhika)

• sama – equal, same, like, impartial
  adjective (masculine)
• hīna – inferior, deficient, low, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root hā (to abandon, forsake, leave).
  Root: hā (class 3)
• adhika – superior, excessive, augmented, more
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from prefix adhi + root i (to go).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used as a substantive.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly, precisely, exactly as

(indeclinable)

Derived from yathā (as, like) + vat (suffix forming adverbs).

लक्षणोच्चयः (lakṣaṇoccayaḥ) - discernment/collection of characteristics

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣaṇoccaya

lakṣaṇoccaya - collection of characteristics, discernment of signs

Compound: lakṣaṇa (characteristic) + uccaya (collection, accumulation, discernment). A Ṣaṣṭhī-Tatpuruṣa compound ('collection of characteristics').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (lakṣaṇa+uccaya)

• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, sign, attribute
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root lakṣ (to mark, perceive) + ana (suffix).
  Root: lakṣ (class 1)
• uccaya – collection, accumulation, heap; discernment
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal Noun
  Derived from prefix ut + root ci (to gather, collect) + a (suffix).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: ci (class 5)

मध्यमस्य (madhyamasya) - of the neutral or intermediate party in statecraft (of the middle, of the neutral party)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, intermediate, neutral

Derived from madhya (middle) + ma (suffix).

Note: Used as a substantive.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तुष्ट्यर्थम् (tuṣṭyartham) - for the sake of satisfaction

(indeclinable)

Compound: tuṣṭi (satisfaction) + artha (purpose, sake). A Caturthī-Tatpuruṣa compound ('for satisfaction').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tuṣṭi+artha)

• tuṣṭi – satisfaction, contentment, gratification
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root tuṣ (to be pleased, satisfied) + ti (suffix).
  Root: tuṣ (class 4)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in which manner

(indeclinable)

स्थेयम् (stheyam) - one should be, one should act, should stand

(gerundive)

विवर्धता (vivardhatā) - by a king who is prospering/growing (in power, wealth etc.) (by one who is growing/prospering)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vivardhat

vivardhat - growing, increasing, prospering

Present Active Participle

Derived from prefix vi + root vṛdh (to grow, increase) + śatṛ (suffix).

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)