महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-108, verse-13

तत्र दानेन भिद्यन्ते गणाः संघातवृत्तयः ।
भिन्ना विमनसः सर्वे गच्छन्त्यरिवशं भयात् ॥१३॥

13. tatra dānena bhidyante gaṇāḥ saṁghātavṛttayaḥ ,
bhinnā vimanasaḥ sarve gacchantyarivaśaṁ bhayāt.

13. tatra dānena bhidyante gaṇāḥ saṃghātavṛttayaḥ
bhinnāḥ vimanasaḥ sarve gacchanti arivaśaṃ bhayāt

13. tatra saṃghātavṛttayaḥ gaṇāḥ dānena bhidyante
bhinnāḥ sarve vimanasaḥ bhayāt arivaśaṃ gacchanti

13. In such circumstances, groups that function with unity are shattered by internal discord. Once they are divided, all become disheartened and, out of fear, fall under the control of their adversaries.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in such circumstances (there, in that situation, then)

• दानेन (dānena) - by internal discord (by giving, by donation, by liberality)

• भिद्यन्ते (bhidyante) - they are shattered (they are broken, they are split)

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups (groups, assemblies, associations, multitudes)

• संघातवृत्तयः (saṁghātavṛttayaḥ) - that function with unity (whose activity/nature is unity/cohesion)

• भिन्नाः (bhinnāḥ) - divided (broken, split, divided)

• विमनसः (vimanasaḥ) - disheartened (disheartened, dejected, depressed)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they fall (they go, they move)

• अरिवशं (arivaśaṁ) - under the control of their adversaries (under the control of enemies)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear (from fear, out of fear)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in such circumstances (there, in that situation, then)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'tral' suffix indicating place.

दानेन (dānena) - by internal discord (by giving, by donation, by liberality)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, donation, gift, liberality

action noun

Derived from root 'dā' (to give) with suffix 'ana'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Here implying 'giving way' to division or 'bribery' causing division.

भिद्यन्ते (bhidyante) - they are shattered (they are broken, they are split)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of bhid

Root: bhid (class 7)

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups (groups, assemblies, associations, multitudes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - group, multitude, assembly, association, host

संघातवृत्तयः (saṁghātavṛttayaḥ) - that function with unity (whose activity/nature is unity/cohesion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃghātavṛtti

saṁghātavṛtti - whose activity/conduct is unity, maintaining cohesion

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃghāta+vṛtti)

• saṃghāta – union, collection, aggregation, cohesion
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  Derived from 'sam' + root 'han' (to strike, unite) + 'ghañ'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)
• vṛtti – activity, conduct, mode of life, nature
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  Derived from root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

भिन्नाः (bhinnāḥ) - divided (broken, split, divided)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhinna

bhinna - broken, split, divided, separated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhid' (to break) with 'kta' suffix.

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Acts as a predicative adjective for 'gaṇāḥ' (implied) or 'sarve'.

विमनसः (vimanasaḥ) - disheartened (disheartened, dejected, depressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimanasa

vimanasa - disheartened, dejected, joyless, without mind/spirit

Formed from 'vi' (without) + 'manas' (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+manas)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, spirit, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)
  Root: man (class 4)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Also functions as an adjective. Here it refers to 'gaṇāḥ' (groups).

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they fall (they go, they move)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often used to denote coming under a condition or state.

अरिवशं (arivaśaṁ) - under the control of their adversaries (under the control of enemies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arivaśa

arivaśa - subject to enemies, under enemy control

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ari+vaśa)

• ari – enemy, foe, adversary
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – control, power, subjugation, will
  noun (masculine)

Note: It's a compound where 'vaśa' is the principal meaning, taking the accusative case.

भयात् (bhayāt) - out of fear (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear) with suffix 'a'.

Root: bhī (class 3)