महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-108, verse-10

भीष्म उवाच ।
गणानां च कुलानां च राज्ञां च भरतर्षभ ।
वैरसंदीपनावेतौ लोभामर्षौ जनाधिप ॥१०॥

10. bhīṣma uvāca ,
gaṇānāṁ ca kulānāṁ ca rājñāṁ ca bharatarṣabha ,
vairasaṁdīpanāvetau lobhāmarṣau janādhipa.

10. bhīṣma uvāca gaṇānām ca kulānām ca rājñām ca
bharatarṣabha vairasaṃdīpanau etau lobhāmarṣau janādhipa

10. bhīṣma uvāca bharatarṣabha janādhipa etau lobhāmarṣau
gaṇānām ca kulānām ca rājñām ca vairasaṃdīpanau

10. Bhīṣma said: "O best of Bhāratas (bharatarṣabha), O lord of men (janādhipa), these two, greed (lobha) and envy (amarṣa), are the kindlers of hostility among groups, families, and kings."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• गणानाम् (gaṇānām) - of groups, clans (of groups, of multitudes, of attendants)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कुलानाम् (kulānām) - of families (of families, of noble lineages, of races)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bhāratas (epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of Bharatas, O foremost among the Bharatas)

• वैरसंदीपनौ (vairasaṁdīpanau) - kindlers of hostility (kindlers of hostility, inflamers of enmity)

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• लोभामर्षौ (lobhāmarṣau) - greed (lobha) and envy (amarṣa) (greed and envy, avarice and indignation)

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men (epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira) (O lord of men, O ruler)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a name, literally 'terrible')

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

2nd class verb, parasmāipada, perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

गणानाम् (gaṇānām) - of groups, clans (of groups, of multitudes, of attendants)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - group, multitude, troop, assembly, clan, company

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: A conjunction.

कुलानाम् (kulānām) - of families (of families, of noble lineages, of races)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of kula

kula - family, race, lineage, clan, noble house

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: A conjunction.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: A conjunction.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bhāratas (epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira) (O best of Bharatas, O foremost among the Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a name of an ancient king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.

वैरसंदीपनौ (vairasaṁdīpanau) - kindlers of hostility (kindlers of hostility, inflamers of enmity)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vairasaṃdīpana

vairasaṁdīpana - inflaming hostility, kindling enmity

From 'vaira' (hostility) and 'saṃdīpana' (kindler, inflamer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaira+saṃdīpana)

• vaira – hostility, enmity, revenge
  noun (neuter)
• saṃdīpana – kindling, inflaming, exciting, stimulant
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'sam' and root 'dīp' (to shine, to inflame).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: It qualifies the dual subject 'lobhāmarṣau'.

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, this one, that

Note: Refers to 'lobha' and 'amarṣa'.

लोभामर्षौ (lobhāmarṣau) - greed (lobha) and envy (amarṣa) (greed and envy, avarice and indignation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of lobhāmarṣa

lobhāmarṣa - greed and indignation/anger

Compound type : dvandva (lobha+amarṣa)

• lobha – greed, avarice, covetousness, desire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lubh (class 4)
• amarṣa – impatience, indignation, anger, envy
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The two primary causes of conflict mentioned.

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men (epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira) (O lord of men, O ruler)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, man, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'adhi' and root 'pā' (to protect, govern).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: An epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.