महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-108, verse-31

भेदाच्चैव प्रमादाच्च नाम्यन्ते रिपुभिर्गणाः ।
तस्मात्संघातमेवाहुर्गणानां शरणं महत् ॥३१॥

31. bhedāccaiva pramādācca nāmyante ripubhirgaṇāḥ ,
tasmātsaṁghātamevāhurgaṇānāṁ śaraṇaṁ mahat.

31. bhedāt ca eva pramādāt ca na āmyante ripubhiḥ gaṇāḥ
tasmāt saṃghātam eva āhuḥ gaṇānām śaraṇam mahat

31. bhedāt ca eva pramādāt ca ripubhiḥ gaṇāḥ na āmyante
tasmāt gaṇānām saṃghātam eva mahat śaraṇam āhuḥ

31. Indeed, due to discord and negligence, groups (gaṇa) are subdued by enemies. Therefore, they declare that unity (saṃghāta) alone is the great refuge for communities.

Words meanings summery:

• भेदात् (bhedāt) - from division, from discord, due to separation

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• प्रमादात् (pramādāt) - from negligence, from carelessness

• च (ca) - and

• न (na) - not

• आम्यन्ते (āmyante) - they are made to yield, they are bent, they are subdued

• रिपुभिः (ripubhiḥ) - by enemies

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups, communities, assemblies

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• संघातम् (saṁghātam) - unity (saṃghāta) (union, aggregation, combination)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• गणानाम् (gaṇānām) - of groups, of communities

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

Words meanings and morphology

भेदात् (bhedāt) - from division, from discord, due to separation

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bheda

bheda - breaking, splitting, division, discord, disunion

From root 'bhid' (to split, break).

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Indicates cause.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'bhedāt'.

प्रमादात् (pramādāt) - from negligence, from carelessness

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of pramāda

pramāda - carelessness, negligence, error, intoxication, inadvertence

From prefix 'pra' + root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, to be careless).

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Parallel to 'bhedāt'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

आम्यन्ते (āmyante) - they are made to yield, they are bent, they are subdued

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of ām

Present tense, Middle voice, 3rd person, plural

From root 'nam' with prefix 'ā', passive sense 'to be made to yield'.

Prefix: ā

Root: nam (class 1)

रिपुभिः (ripubhiḥ) - by enemies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, antagonist

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - groups, communities, assemblies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - group, multitude, troop, assembly, community, collection

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'āmyante'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Ablative singular of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

संघातम् (saṁghātam) - unity (saṃghāta) (union, aggregation, combination)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃghāta

saṁghāta - union, aggregation, combination, cluster, collection

From 'sam' + root 'han' (to strike, to join).

Prefix: sam

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Active voice, 3rd person, plural

Irregular perfect tense form (Lit) of 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

गणानाम् (gaṇānām) - of groups, of communities

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - group, multitude, assembly, community

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Possessive, 'of the groups'.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, protection, shelter, asylum, help

From root 'śṛ' (to break, crush) or 'śrā' (to rest).

Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Functions as the complement of the verb 'āhuḥ'.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important, noble

Present active participle of 'mah' (to be great)

P.A.P.

Root: mah (class 1)