महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-97, verse-23

लालप्यमानां तामेवं कृपणां पुत्रगृद्धिनीम् ।
धर्मादपेतं ब्रुवतीं भीष्मो भूयोऽब्रवीदिदम् ॥२३॥

23. lālapyamānāṁ tāmevaṁ kṛpaṇāṁ putragṛddhinīm ,
dharmādapetaṁ bruvatīṁ bhīṣmo bhūyo'bravīdidam.

23. lālapyamānām tām evam kṛpaṇām putragṛddhinīm
dharmāt apetam bruvatīm bhīṣmaḥ bhūyaḥ abravīt idam

23. Bhishma spoke this again to her who was lamenting repeatedly, in such a pitiable state, intensely yearning for a son, and uttering words that deviated from natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• लालप्यमानाम् (lālapyamānām) - wailing repeatedly, lamenting

• ताम् (tām) - Satyavatī (her, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

• कृपणाम् (kṛpaṇām) - pitiable, wretched, miserable

• पुत्रगृद्धिनीम् (putragṛddhinīm) - yearning for a son, greedy for a son

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from natural law, from duty

• अपेतम् (apetam) - deviated, fallen away, removed

• ब्रुवतीम् (bruvatīm) - speaking, saying, telling

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (thing)

Words meanings and morphology

लालप्यमानाम् (lālapyamānām) - wailing repeatedly, lamenting

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of lālapyamāna

lālapyamāna - wailing, lamenting repeatedly, crying out

Present Passive Participle (intensive form)

From intensive (yaṅlugantā) of √lap (to speak, lament), with present passive participle suffix -māna. Intensive form from reduplication and subsequent changes.

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tām'.

ताम् (tām) - Satyavatī (her, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'lālapyamānām' and 'bruvatīm'.

कृपणाम् (kṛpaṇām) - pitiable, wretched, miserable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - pitiable, wretched, miserable, poor

From √kṛp (to mourn, pity) with suffix -ana.

Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tām'.

पुत्रगृद्धिनीम् (putragṛddhinīm) - yearning for a son, greedy for a son

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of putragṛddhinī

putragṛddhinī - yearning for a son, greedy for a son

Feminine form of the adjective putragṛddhin.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+gṛddhin)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• gṛddhin – greedy, desirous, yearning
  adjective
  From √gṛdh (to desire) with suffix -in.
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tām'.

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from natural law, from duty

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From √dhṛ (to uphold, support) with suffix -man.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'apetam'.

अपेतम् (apetam) - deviated, fallen away, removed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apeta

apeta - deviated, fallen away, removed, departed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix apa- and √i (to go) with kta suffix.

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied neuter noun like "vacas" (word) or refers to "what is said" in a general sense.

ब्रुवतीम् (bruvatīm) - speaking, saying, telling

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bruvatī

bruvatī - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

From √brū (to speak) with śatṛ suffix, feminine form.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tām'.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a renowned figure in the Mahabharata, son of Shantanu and Ganga); terrible, formidable

Derived from √bhī (to fear), meaning 'terrible' or 'formidable.'

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of bahu (much, many).

Note: Modifies 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Second conjugation verb, with augment 'a-'.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Past tense, referring to Bhishma's action.

इदम् (idam) - this, this (thing)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (thing)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.