महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-77, verse-22

त्रय एवाधना राजन्भार्या दासस्तथा सुतः ।
यत्ते समधिगच्छन्ति यस्य ते तस्य तद्धनम् ॥२२॥

22. traya evādhanā rājanbhāryā dāsastathā sutaḥ ,
yatte samadhigacchanti yasya te tasya taddhanam.

22. trayaḥ eva adhanā rājan bhāryā dāsaḥ tathā sutaḥ
yat te samadhigacchanti yasya te tasya tat dhanam

22. O King, there are three who are considered property-less: a wife, a slave, and a son. Whatever they acquire, that wealth belongs to the one whose dependents they are.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• अधना (adhanā) - property-less, without wealth

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

• दासः (dāsaḥ) - slave, servant

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• यत् (yat) - what, whatever

• ते (te) - the wife, slave, son (they)

• समधिगच्छन्ति (samadhigacchanti) - they acquire, they obtain

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• ते (te) - the wife, slave, son (they)

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• तत् (tat) - that wealth (that, it)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, riches

Words meanings and morphology

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

अधना (adhanā) - property-less, without wealth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhana

adhana - poor, property-less, without wealth

masculine, plural, nominative, formed with 'a' (negation) + 'dhana' (wealth)

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+dhana)

• a – not, non, un
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhan (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'trayaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Addressing Yayati.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

feminine, singular, nominative, literally 'one to be supported/maintained', derived from root bhṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: The first of the three categories.

दासः (dāsaḥ) - slave, servant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāsa

dāsa - slave, servant

Root: dās (class 1)

Note: The second of the three categories.

तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

(indeclinable)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

masculine, singular, nominative, derived from root sū (to beget)

Root: sū (class 2)

यत् (yat) - what, whatever

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - what, which, whatever

neuter, singular, nominative/accusative

Note: Object of 'samadhigacchanti'.

ते (te) - the wife, slave, son (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the wife, slave, and son.

समधिगच्छन्ति (samadhigacchanti) - they acquire, they obtain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sam-adhi-gam

Present Active

3rd person plural, formed with prefixes sam + adhi + root gam

Prefixes: sam+adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Action of acquiring.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

masculine/neuter, singular, genitive

Note: Refers to the master/father/husband.

ते (te) - the wife, slave, son (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the wife, slave, and son.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

masculine/neuter, singular, genitive

Note: Refers to the master/father/husband.

तत् (tat) - that wealth (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

neuter, singular, nominative/accusative

Note: Refers to 'dhanam'.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property, riches

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches

Root: dhan (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence 'that wealth is his'.