महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-77, verse-10

अथ निष्क्रम्य राजासौ तस्मिन्काले यदृच्छया ।
अशोकवनिकाभ्याशे शर्मिष्ठां प्राप्य विष्ठितः ॥१०॥

10. atha niṣkramya rājāsau tasminkāle yadṛcchayā ,
aśokavanikābhyāśe śarmiṣṭhāṁ prāpya viṣṭhitaḥ.

10. atha niṣkramya rājā asau tasmin kāle yadṛcchayā
| aśokavanikābhyāśe śarmiṣṭhām prāpya viṣṭhitaḥ

10. Then that king, having exited at that moment by chance, stood near the Ashoka grove, where he encountered Sharmishtha.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon, afterwards)

• निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having exited, having come out (having come out, having gone forth, having departed)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Yayāti) (king)

• असौ (asau) - that one (the king) (he, that one)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - at that (time) (in that, at that)

• काले (kāle) - at that moment (in time, at the proper time, at the moment)

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance (by chance, accidentally, spontaneously)

• अशोकवनिकाभ्याशे (aśokavanikābhyāśe) - near the Ashoka grove (near an Ashoka grove)

• शर्मिष्ठाम् (śarmiṣṭhām) - Sharmishtha (Sharmishtha (accusative))

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having met (having reached, having obtained, having met)

• विष्ठितः (viṣṭhitaḥ) - stood (there) (stood, situated, present, firm)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

निष्क्रम्य (niṣkramya) - having exited, having come out (having come out, having gone forth, having departed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From nis- + root kram (to step, go) + ya suffix for absolutive.

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - the king (Yayāti) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

असौ (asau) - that one (the king) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Masculine nominative singular of adas.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - at that (time) (in that, at that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Locative singular of tad (masculine, agreeing with kāle).

काले (kāle) - at that moment (in time, at the proper time, at the moment)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, moment, season

Root: kal (class 1)

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance (by chance, accidentally, spontaneously)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - chance, accident, free will, spontaneity

Derived from yat (which) + ṛcchā (wish, desire).

अशोकवनिकाभ्याशे (aśokavanikābhyāśe) - near the Ashoka grove (near an Ashoka grove)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aśokavanikābhyāśa

aśokavanikābhyāśa - vicinity of an Ashoka grove

Tatpurusha compound: aśokavanikā (Ashoka grove) + abhyāśa (vicinity, proximity).

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśokavanikā+abhyāśa)

• aśokavanikā – Ashoka grove (a small forest or garden of Ashoka trees)
  noun (feminine)
  Compound: aśoka (Ashoka tree) + vanikā (small grove/garden).
• abhyāśa – vicinity, proximity, nearness
  noun (masculine)
  From abhi- + āśa (from root aś).
  Prefix: abhi

शर्मिष्ठाम् (śarmiṣṭhām) - Sharmishtha (Sharmishtha (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śarmiṣṭhā

śarmiṣṭhā - Sharmishtha (proper name)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having met (having reached, having obtained, having met)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From pra- + root āp (to obtain, reach) + ya suffix for absolutive.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

विष्ठितः (viṣṭhitaḥ) - stood (there) (stood, situated, present, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - stood, situated, present, firm, entered

Past Passive Participle

From vi- + root sthā (to stand) + kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājā asau.