महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-77, verse-16

शर्मिष्ठोवाच ।
न नर्मयुक्तं वचनं हिनस्ति न स्त्रीषु राजन्न विवाहकाले ।
प्राणात्यये सर्वधनापहारे पञ्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि ॥१६॥

16. śarmiṣṭhovāca ,
na narmayuktaṁ vacanaṁ hinasti; na strīṣu rājanna vivāhakāle ,
prāṇātyaye sarvadhanāpahāre; pañcānṛtānyāhurapātakāni.

16. śarmiṣṭhā uvāca | na narmayuktam
vacanam hinasti na strīṣu rājan na
vivāhakāle | prāṇātyaye sarvadhanāpahāre
pañca anṛtāni āhuḥ apātakāni

16. Śarmiṣṭhā said: A statement made in jest causes no harm. Nor does it harm when made to women, O King, or during a wedding. They say that five types of falsehoods are not sinful: those told when life is in danger, and those concerning the complete loss of wealth.

Words meanings summery:

• शर्मिष्ठा (śarmiṣṭhā) - Sharmishtha (name of a princess)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not

• नर्मयुक्तम् (narmayuktam) - joined with jest, humorous, said in jest

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• हिनस्ति (hinasti) - harms, injures

• न (na) - not

• स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - to women, among women, regarding women

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• न (na) - not

• विवाहकाले (vivāhakāle) - at the time of marriage

• प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - when life is in danger, at the extremity of life

• सर्वधनापहारे (sarvadhanāpahāre) - in the case of complete loss of wealth, when all wealth is stolen

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• अनृतानि (anṛtāni) - untruths, falsehoods

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• अपातकानि (apātakāni) - not sinful, blameless

Words meanings and morphology

शर्मिष्ठा (śarmiṣṭhā) - Sharmishtha (name of a princess)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarmiṣṭhā

śarmiṣṭhā - Sharmishtha (name of King Vṛṣaparvan's daughter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

नर्मयुक्तम् (narmayuktam) - joined with jest, humorous, said in jest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of narmayukta

narmayukta - joined with jest, humorous

Compound type : Tatpurusha (narma+yukta)

• narma – jest, sport, play, joke
  noun (neuter)
• yukta – joined, associated, connected, fit, proper
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root 'yuj' (to join, to connect).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

हिनस्ति (hinasti) - harms, injures

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of hiṃs

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - to women, among women, regarding women

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

विवाहकाले (vivāhakāle) - at the time of marriage

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vivāhakāla

vivāhakāla - time of marriage, wedding season

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vivāha+kāla)

• vivāha – marriage, wedding
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - when life is in danger, at the extremity of life

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāṇātyaya

prāṇātyaya - danger to life, loss of life, critical situation

Compound type : Tatpurusha (prāṇa+atyaya)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• atyaya – end, termination, danger, extremity
  noun (masculine)

सर्वधनापहारे (sarvadhanāpahāre) - in the case of complete loss of wealth, when all wealth is stolen

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarvadhanāpahāra

sarvadhanāpahāra - loss of all wealth, theft of all property

Compound type : Tatpurusha (sarva+dhana+apahāra)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)
• apahāra – taking away, theft, abduction, loss
  noun (masculine)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(adjective)

Nominative, plural of pañcan

pañcan - five

अनृतानि (anṛtāni) - untruths, falsehoods

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie; not true

From 'ṛta' (truth) with negative prefix 'a-'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of ah

Irregular perfect tense used with present meaning.

Root: ah (class 2)

अपातकानि (apātakāni) - not sinful, blameless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of apātaka

apātaka - not sinful, free from sin, blameless

From 'pātaka' (sin) with negative prefix 'a-'.