महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-72, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
समावृत्तव्रतं तं तु विसृष्टं गुरुणा तदा ।
प्रस्थितं त्रिदशावासं देवयान्यब्रवीदिदम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
samāvṛttavrataṁ taṁ tu visṛṣṭaṁ guruṇā tadā ,
prasthitaṁ tridaśāvāsaṁ devayānyabravīdidam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca samāvṛttavratam tam tu visṛṣṭam
guruṇā tadā prasthitam tridaśāvāsam devayānī abravīt idam

1. Vaishampayana said: Then, as he, whose vow (of studentship) was completed and who had been released by his guru, was setting out for the abode of the gods, Devayani spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaishampayana, narrator of the Mahabharata (Vaishampayana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Vaishampayana) said (he said, he spoke)

• समावृत्तव्रतम् (samāvṛttavratam) - Kacha, having completed his brahmacharya vow (one whose vow (of studentship) is completed)

• तम् (tam) - him (Kacha) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the transition) (but, indeed, however, moreover)

• विसृष्टम् (visṛṣṭam) - dismissed (by the guru) (released, dismissed, sent forth)

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by his guru (Shukra) (by the guru, by the teacher)

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment (of departure) (then, at that time)

• प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - setting out (for the abode of the gods) (departed, set out, gone forth)

• त्रिदशावासम् (tridaśāvāsam) - to the abode of the gods (as his destination) (abode of the gods, heaven)

• देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani, daughter of Shukra (Devayani (proper name))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Devayani spoke (he/she spoke, said)

• इदम् (idam) - these words (which follow in the next verses) (this, these)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaishampayana, narrator of the Mahabharata (Vaishampayana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaishampayana (a sage, disciple of Vyasa, narrator of the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - (Vaishampayana) said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root √vac (class 2).

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Standard narrative introductory phrase.

समावृत्तव्रतम् (samāvṛttavratam) - Kacha, having completed his brahmacharya vow (one whose vow (of studentship) is completed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāvṛttavrata

samāvṛttavrata - one who has completed a vow, one who has finished his brahmacharya (studentship)

Bahuvrihi compound: samāvṛtta (completed) + vrata (vow, religious observance, studentship).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samāvṛtta+vrata)

• samāvṛtta – completed, returned, retired
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛt (to turn, happen) with prefixes sam-ā-.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: √vṛt (class 1)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty, studentship
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes Kacha.

तम् (tam) - him (Kacha) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine accusative singular.

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the transition) (but, indeed, however, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

विसृष्टम् (visṛṣṭam) - dismissed (by the guru) (released, dismissed, sent forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of visṛṣṭa

visṛṣṭa - released, dismissed, sent, discharged, created

Past Passive Participle

From root √sṛj (to let go, create) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: √sṛj (class 6)

Note: Describes Kacha.

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by his guru (Shukra) (by the guru, by the teacher)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide, heavy, venerable

तदा (tadā) - at that moment (of departure) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

प्रस्थितम् (prasthitam) - setting out (for the abode of the gods) (departed, set out, gone forth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - set out, departed, gone forth, commenced

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā (to stand) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes Kacha's action.

त्रिदशावासम् (tridaśāvāsam) - to the abode of the gods (as his destination) (abode of the gods, heaven)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tridaśāvāsa

tridaśāvāsa - abode of the gods, heaven

Tatpurusha compound: tridaśa (god) + āvāsa (abode).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tridaśa+āvāsa)

• tridaśa – god
  noun (masculine)
• āvāsa – abode, dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √vas (class 1)

Note: Destination of 'prasthitam'.

देवयानी (devayānī) - Devayani, daughter of Shukra (Devayani (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devayānī

devayānī - Devayani (a proper name, daughter of Shukracharya)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Devayani spoke (he/she spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root √brū (class 2).

Root: √brū (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - these words (which follow in the next verses) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter accusative singular.

Note: Refers to the speech that follows.