महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-48, verse-2

के सदस्या बभूवुश्च सर्पसत्रे सुदारुणे ।
विषादजननेऽत्यर्थं पन्नगानां महाभये ॥२॥

2. ke sadasyā babhūvuśca sarpasatre sudāruṇe ,
viṣādajanane'tyarthaṁ pannagānāṁ mahābhaye.

2. ke sadasyāḥ babhūvuḥ ca sarpasatre sudāruṇe
viṣādajanane atyartham pannagānām mahābhaye

2. Who were the members in that very dreadful snake sacrifice, which caused immense despair and great fear for the snakes?

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - who (who, which)

• सदस्याः (sadasyāḥ) - members (members, participants)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - were (they were, they became)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सर्पसत्रे (sarpasatre) - in the snake sacrifice

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very dreadful (very terrible, exceedingly cruel)

• विषादजनने (viṣādajanane) - causing despair (causing dejection, causing sorrow)

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly (exceedingly, greatly)

• पन्नगानाम् (pannagānām) - for the snakes (of the snakes)

• महाभये (mahābhaye) - causing great fear (in great fear, or in a place of great fear)

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka

ka - who, what, which

Note: Nominative plural of interrogative pronoun 'ka'.

सदस्याः (sadasyāḥ) - members (members, participants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sadasya

sadasya - member of an assembly, participant, attendant

Derived from 'sadas' (assembly) + 'ya' (suffix of belonging)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - were (they were, they became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सर्पसत्रे (sarpasatre) - in the snake sacrifice

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sarpasatra

sarpasatra - snake sacrifice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarpa+satra)

• sarpa – snake, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• satra – sacrifice, sacrificial session
  noun (neuter)

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - very dreadful (very terrible, exceedingly cruel)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, exceedingly cruel, frightful

Derived from 'su-' (prefix for 'very'/'good') + 'dāruṇa' (terrible)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  prefix
• dāruṇa – terrible, cruel, harsh
  adjective

Note: Agrees with `sarpasatre`.

विषादजनने (viṣādajanane) - causing despair (causing dejection, causing sorrow)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of viṣādajanana

viṣādajanana - causing dejection, causing sorrow, grief-inducing

action noun/agent noun

Derived from 'viṣāda' (dejection) + 'janana' (causing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣāda+janana)

• viṣāda – dejection, despair, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
• janana – causing, producing; generator
  noun/adjective (neuter)
  action noun
  Derived from √jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `sarpasatre`.

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - exceedingly (exceedingly, greatly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of 'atyartha'

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+artha)

• ati – beyond, excessive, over
  prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth; used here in an adverbial sense
  noun (masculine)

पन्नगानाम् (pannagānām) - for the snakes (of the snakes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pannaga

pannaga - snake, serpent

Lit. 'moving on the belly'

Compound type : upapada (pan+ga)

• pan – belly (from 'pāni', foot, but here understood as belly)
  noun
• ga – going, moving
  noun/adjective
  agent noun
  Derived from √gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural, indicating possession or relation ('for the snakes')

महाभये (mahābhaye) - causing great fear (in great fear, or in a place of great fear)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahābhaya

mahābhaya - great fear, great danger

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhaya)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective/prefix
• bhaya – fear, dread, danger
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `sarpasatre` (as an adjective 'causing great fear').