महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-223, verse-2

यस्तु कृच्छ्रमसंप्राप्तं विचेता नावबुध्यते ।
स कृच्छ्रकाले व्यथितो न प्रजानाति किंचन ॥२॥

2. yastu kṛcchramasaṁprāptaṁ vicetā nāvabudhyate ,
sa kṛcchrakāle vyathito na prajānāti kiṁcana.

2. yaḥ tu kṛcchram asaṃprāptam vicetā na avabudhyate
saḥ kṛcchrakāle vyathitaḥ na prajānāti kiṃcana

2. However, a senseless (vicetā) person who does not discern a difficulty before it arrives, becomes distressed in that time of difficulty and understands nothing at all.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - difficulty, distress, trouble

• असंप्राप्तम् (asaṁprāptam) - not yet arrived, not obtained

• विचेता (vicetā) - senseless, confused, distracted

• न (na) - not

• अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - perceives, understands

• सः (saḥ) - that (person), he

• कृच्छ्रकाले (kṛcchrakāle) - in a difficult time, in a time of distress

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

• न (na) - not

• प्रजानाति (prajānāti) - knows, understands, perceives well

• किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything at all, nothing whatsoever (with negation)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - difficulty, distress, trouble

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, distress, pain, misery

असंप्राप्तम् (asaṁprāptam) - not yet arrived, not obtained

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asaṃprāpta

asaṁprāpta - not obtained, not reached, not arrived

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix 'a-' added to saṃprāpta (Past Passive Participle of saṃ-pra-āp)

Compound type : pradi-tatpuruṣa (a+samprāpta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• samprāpta – obtained, reached, arrived
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root āp with prefixes sam- and pra-
  Prefixes: sam+pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'kṛcchram'.

विचेता (vicetā) - senseless, confused, distracted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicetas

vicetas - senseless, bewildered, distracted, confused

Formed with prefix vi- and cetas (mind, consciousness)

Compound type : pradi-tatpuruṣa (vi+cetas)

• vi – asunder, apart, away, indicating separation or opposition
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यते (avabudhyate) - perceives, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of avabudh

Formed with upasarga ava- from root budh (to know)

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (person), he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

कृच्छ्रकाले (kṛcchrakāle) - in a difficult time, in a time of distress

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛcchrakāla

kṛcchrakāla - time of difficulty, season of distress

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛcchra+kāla)

• kṛcchra – difficulty, distress, pain
  noun (neuter)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed, troubled, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, pained, agitated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyath (to be troubled, disturbed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रजानाति (prajānāti) - knows, understands, perceives well

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of prajñā

Formed with upasarga pra- from root jñā (to know)

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

किंचन (kiṁcana) - anything at all, nothing whatsoever (with negation)

(indeclinable)

Used with 'na' (not) to mean 'nothing at all'.