महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-209, verse-16

स नोऽपृच्छद्दुःखमूलमुक्तवत्यो वयं च तत् ।
श्रुत्वा तच्च यथावृत्तमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१६॥

16. sa no'pṛcchadduḥkhamūlamuktavatyo vayaṁ ca tat ,
śrutvā tacca yathāvṛttamidaṁ vacanamabravīt.

16. saḥ naḥ apṛcchat duḥkhamūlam uktavatyaḥ vayam ca
tat | śrutvā ca yathāvṛttam idam vacanam abravīt

16. He asked us the root of our sorrow, and we told him that. Having heard that and how it had all happened, he spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the divine sage) (he, that)

• नः (naḥ) - us (us, to us, our)

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked (asked, inquired)

• दुःखमूलम् (duḥkhamūlam) - the root of our sorrow (the root of sorrow, origin of suffering)

• उक्तवत्यः (uktavatyaḥ) - who had spoken (we who had spoken, having spoken)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तत् (tat) - that (the root of sorrow) (that, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it had happened (as it happened, as occurred)

• इदम् (idam) - these (this, these)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the divine sage) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नः (naḥ) - us (us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked (asked, inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pṛcch

Root: prach (class 6)

दुःखमूलम् (duḥkhamūlam) - the root of our sorrow (the root of sorrow, origin of suffering)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhamūla

duḥkhamūla - root of sorrow, origin of suffering

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+mūla)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation, cause
  noun (neuter)

उक्तवत्यः (uktavatyaḥ) - who had spoken (we who had spoken, having spoken)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of uktavat

uktavat - having spoken, having said

Past Active Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -vat (ktavatu)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to 'vayam'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (the root of sorrow) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it had happened (as it happened, as occurred)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, like, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – occurred, happened, existed, conduct, event
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist, happen)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - these (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, declaration

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bravīt

Root: brū (class 2)