महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-141, verse-3

मय्येव प्रहरैहि त्वं न स्त्रियं हन्तुमर्हसि ।
विशेषतोऽनपकृते परेणापकृते सति ॥३॥

3. mayyeva praharaihi tvaṁ na striyaṁ hantumarhasi ,
viśeṣato'napakṛte pareṇāpakṛte sati.

3. mayi eva praharaihi tvam na striyam hantum
arhasi | viśeṣataḥ anapakṛte pareṇa apakṛte sati

3. You should strike me directly; you ought not to kill a woman, especially one who has not harmed you, even if you yourself have been wronged by another.

3. בוא והכה אותי לבדי. אסור לך להרוג אישה, ובמיוחד כשהיא לא פגעה בך ואחר הוא שפגע בך.

Words meanings summery:

• मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, concerning me

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

• प्रहरैहि (praharaihi) - strike (me) (strike, attack)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not, no

• स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman, female

• हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill, to strike, to slay

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

• अनपकृते (anapakṛte) - to a woman who has not harmed (to one who has not been wronged, to one who has not harmed)

• परेण (pareṇa) - by another person (e.g., Lakṣmaṇa in context) (by another, by another person)

• अपकृते (apakṛte) - you (the addressee) having been wronged (wronged, harmed, injured, offended)

• सति (sati) - being, existing, when there is

Words meanings and morphology

मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, concerning me

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

प्रहरैहि (praharaihi) - strike (me) (strike, attack)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative/imperative (liṅ/loṭ) of pra-hṛ

optative-like or imperative-like form (likely a scribal error for prahareḥ or prahara)

From prefix 'pra' and root 'hṛ' (class 1, 'harati'). The form 'praharaihi' is non-standard. It is interpreted as an optative 2nd person singular 'prahareḥ' or imperative 'prahara' for meaning 'you should strike'/'strike'.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman, female

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female, wife

हन्तुम् (hantum) - to kill, to strike, to slay

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form from root 'han' (class 2, 'hanti').

Root: han (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you are able, you ought, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

present active indicative

Present active indicative, 2nd person singular, from root 'arh' (class 1, 'arhati').

Root: arh (class 1)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly, specifically

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'viśeṣa' (distinction, specific) with the suffix '-tas'.

अनपकृते (anapakṛte) - to a woman who has not harmed (to one who has not been wronged, to one who has not harmed)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of anapakṛta

anapakṛta - not wronged, not harmed, not injured

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Negative 'an-' + 'apakṛta'. 'Apakṛta' is the past passive participle of 'apa-kṛ' (to injure, harm).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+apakṛta)

• an – un-, not
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• apakṛta – wronged, harmed, injured
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of 'apa-kṛ' (to injure, harm).
  Prefix: apa
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with an implied feminine noun in locative, referring to the woman.

परेण (pareṇa) - by another person (e.g., Lakṣmaṇa in context) (by another, by another person)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

अपकृते (apakṛte) - you (the addressee) having been wronged (wronged, harmed, injured, offended)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of apakṛta

apakṛta - wronged, harmed, injured, offended

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of 'apa-kṛ' (to injure, harm, offend).

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with an implied masculine noun in locative, referring to the one who has been wronged (e.g., the addressee).

सति (sati) - being, existing, when there is

(adjective)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle (Masculine/Neuter Locative Singular)

Present active participle of 'as' (to be, class 2, 'asti'). Used here in a locative absolute construction.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction '...sati' meaning 'when ... is' or 'while ... is'.

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