महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-141, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
भीमसेनस्तु तं दृष्ट्वा राक्षसं प्रहसन्निव ।
भगिनीं प्रति संक्रुद्धमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
bhīmasenastu taṁ dṛṣṭvā rākṣasaṁ prahasanniva ,
bhaginīṁ prati saṁkruddhamidaṁ vacanamabravīt.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca bhīmasenaḥ tu tam dṛṣṭvā rākṣasam
prahasan iva bhaginīm prati samkruddham idam vacanam abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Seeing that Rākṣasa (Hiḍimba), who was greatly angry at his sister, Bhīmasena, as if laughing, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (Bhīma)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

• तम् (tam) - that Rākṣasa (Hiḍimba) (him, that (masculine))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having looked

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - Hiḍimba, the Rākṣasa (Rākṣasa, demon)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - as if, like, resembling

• भगिनीम् (bhaginīm) - his (Hiḍimba's) sister (Hiḍimbī) (sister)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

• सम्क्रुद्धम् (samkruddham) - greatly angry (at his sister) (greatly angry, enraged)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular Perfect Tense, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

भीमसेनः (bhīmasenaḥ) - Bhīmasena (Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (another name for Bhīma, meaning 'having a formidable army')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – formidable, terrible
  adjective (masculine)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, and

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that Rākṣasa (Hiḍimba) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having looked

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - Hiḍimba, the Rākṣasa (Rākṣasa, demon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa (a class of malevolent beings, demons), demoniac

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling, making fun

Present Active Participle

Derived from root has (to laugh) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, resembling

(indeclinable)

भगिनीम् (bhaginīm) - his (Hiḍimba's) sister (Hiḍimbī) (sister)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhaginī

bhaginī - sister

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, concerning

(indeclinable)

सम्क्रुद्धम् (samkruddham) - greatly angry (at his sister) (greatly angry, enraged)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samkruddha

samkruddha - enraged, greatly angry, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh (to be angry) with upasarga sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, statement

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

3rd person singular Imperfect Tense, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)