महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-121, verse-14

अश्वस्येवास्य यत्स्थाम नदतः प्रदिशो गतम् ।
अश्वत्थामैव बालोऽयं तस्मान्नाम्ना भविष्यति ॥१४॥

14. aśvasyevāsya yatsthāma nadataḥ pradiśo gatam ,
aśvatthāmaiva bālo'yaṁ tasmānnāmnā bhaviṣyati.

14. aśvasya iva asya yat sthāma nadataḥ pradiśaḥ gatam
aśvatthāmā eva bālaḥ ayam tasmāt nāmnā bhaviṣyati

14. Because this boy's roaring strength has spread in all directions just like that of a horse, he shall indeed be named Ashvatthama.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वस्य (aśvasya) - of a horse

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अस्य (asya) - referring to the boy (Ashvatthama) (his, its, of this)

• यत् (yat) - introducing a causal clause for the naming (which, because, that)

• स्थाम (sthāma) - strength, power, might

• नदतः (nadataḥ) - referring to the boy's strength which is roaring (of the roaring one, while roaring)

• प्रदिशः (pradiśaḥ) - to/in all directions, to the quarters

• गतम् (gatam) - gone, reached, spread

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthama

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• बालः (bālaḥ) - boy, child, young one

• अयम् (ayam) - this boy (this, he)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, shall be

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वस्य (aśvasya) - of a horse

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse, steed

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अस्य (asya) - referring to the boy (Ashvatthama) (his, its, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'bālaḥ'.

यत् (yat) - introducing a causal clause for the naming (which, because, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Can function as a conjunction 'because'.

स्थाम (sthāma) - strength, power, might

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthāman

sthāman - strength, power, vigor, stability

From root sthā- to stand

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'gatam'.

नदतः (nadataḥ) - referring to the boy's strength which is roaring (of the roaring one, while roaring)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding

Present Active Participle

from root nad- to roar, with present participle suffix -at

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of the roar, which is the boy.

प्रदिशः (pradiśaḥ) - to/in all directions, to the quarters

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of pradiś

pradiś - intermediate quarter, direction, region

`pra` (forth) + `diś` (direction)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pra+diś)

• pra – forth, forward
  indeclinable
• diś – direction, quarter
  noun (feminine)
  From root diś- to point, show
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Used adverbially for 'in all directions'.

गतम् (gatam) - gone, reached, spread

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached, spread

Past Passive Participle

from root gam- to go

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as the predicate for 'sthāma'.

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - name of Droṇa's son

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing the preceding word.

बालः (bālaḥ) - boy, child, young one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, innocent

Note: Predicate nominative with 'ayam'.

अयम् (ayam) - this boy (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a conjunction meaning 'therefore'.

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, shall be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future Active

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, root bhū (1st class)

Root: bhū (class 1)