भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-6, verse-23
तं विद्याद्दुःखसंयोगवियोगं योगसंज्ञितम् ।
स निश्चयेन योक्तव्यो योगोऽनिर्विण्णचेतसा ॥२३॥
स निश्चयेन योक्तव्यो योगोऽनिर्विण्णचेतसा ॥२३॥
23. taṁ vidyādduḥkhasaṁyogaviyogaṁ yogasaṁjñitam ,
sa niścayena yoktavyo yogo'nirviṇṇacetasā.
sa niścayena yoktavyo yogo'nirviṇṇacetasā.
23.
tam vidyāt duḥkhasaṃyogaviyogam yogasaṃjñitam
| sa niścayena yoktavyaḥ yogaḥ anirviṇṇacetasā
| sa niścayena yoktavyaḥ yogaḥ anirviṇṇacetasā
23.
tam duḥkhasaṃyogaviyogam yogasaṃjñitam vidyāt
sa yogaḥ अनिर्विण्णचेतसा निश्चयेन yoktavyaḥ
sa yogaḥ अनिर्विण्णचेतसा निश्चयेन yoktavyaḥ
23.
One should understand that the cessation of contact with sorrow is designated as (yoga). This (yoga) must be practiced with unwavering determination by a mind free from dejection.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तम् (tam) - that (state of yoga) (that, him, it)
- विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
- दुःखसंयोगवियोगम् (duḥkhasaṁyogaviyogam) - the disjunction from contact with sorrow
- योगसंज्ञितम् (yogasaṁjñitam) - designated as yoga, named yoga
- स (sa) - that (yoga) (that, he)
- निश्चयेन (niścayena) - with certainty, with determination
- योक्तव्यः (yoktavyaḥ) - to be practiced, to be undertaken
- योगः (yogaḥ) - (yoga) union, spiritual discipline
- अनिर्विण्णचेतसा (anirviṇṇacetasā) - by a mind free from dejection, by an undiscouraged mind
Words meanings and morphology
तम् (tam) - that (state of yoga) (that, him, it)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of vidyāt
optative mood
Class 2 verb (Adādi), optative 3rd person singular
Root: vid (class 2)
दुःखसंयोगवियोगम् (duḥkhasaṁyogaviyogam) - the disjunction from contact with sorrow
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥkhasaṃyogaviyoga
duḥkhasaṁyogaviyoga - disjunction from the contact with sorrow
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+saṃyoga+viyoga)
- duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
noun (neuter) - saṃyoga – conjunction, contact, union
noun (masculine)
from saṃ-yuj
Prefix: sam
Root: yuj (class 7) - viyoga – separation, disjunction, parting
noun (masculine)
from vi-yuj
Prefix: vi
Root: yuj (class 7)
योगसंज्ञितम् (yogasaṁjñitam) - designated as yoga, named yoga
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yogasaṃjñita
yogasaṁjñita - named yoga, designated as yoga
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yoga+saṃjñita)
- yoga – union, discipline, effort, spiritual practice (yoga)
noun (masculine)
Root: yuj (class 7) - saṃjñita – named, designated, called
adjective
Past Passive Participle
from saṃ-jñā
Prefix: sam
Root: jñā (class 9)
स (sa) - that (yoga) (that, he)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
निश्चयेन (niścayena) - with certainty, with determination
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of niścaya
niścaya - certainty, determination, resolve
Prefix: nis
Root: ci (class 5)
योक्तव्यः (yoktavyaḥ) - to be practiced, to be undertaken
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yoktavya
yoktavya - to be joined, to be yoked, to be practiced, to be performed
Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya)
from root yuj with suffix -tavya
Root: yuj (class 7)
योगः (yogaḥ) - (yoga) union, spiritual discipline
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yoga
yoga - union, discipline, effort, spiritual practice (yoga)
Root: yuj (class 7)
अनिर्विण्णचेतसा (anirviṇṇacetasā) - by a mind free from dejection, by an undiscouraged mind
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of anirviṇṇacetas
anirviṇṇacetas - whose mind is not dejected, undiscouraged mind
Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+nirviṇṇa+cetas)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - nirviṇṇa – dejected, discouraged, despondent
adjective
Past Passive Participle
from nir-vid
Prefix: nir
Root: vid (class 6) - cetas – mind, heart, consciousness
noun (neuter)
Note: Used here as a substantive or an adjective modifying an implied 'person' or 'yogi'