योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-15, verse-10

दृष्टदैन्यो हतस्वान्तो हतौजा याति नीचताम् ।
मुह्यते रौति पतति तृष्णयाभिहतो जनः ॥ १० ॥

dṛṣṭadainyo hatasvānto hataujā yāti nīcatām ,
muhyate rauti patati tṛṣṇayābhihato janaḥ 10

10. dṛṣṭadainyaḥ hatasvāntaḥ hataujaḥ yāti nīcatām
muhyate rauti patati tṛṣṇayā abhihataḥ janaḥ

10. tṛṣṇayā abhihataḥ dṛṣṭadainyaḥ hatasvāntaḥ
hataujaḥ janaḥ nīcatām yāti muhyate rauti patati

10. A person, afflicted by craving (tṛṣṇā), experiencing misery, with a shattered spirit and lost vitality, falls into degradation. Such a one becomes deluded, wails, and collapses.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्टदैन्यः (dṛṣṭadainyaḥ) - one who has seen misery/wretchedness, experiencing degradation

• हतस्वान्तः (hatasvāntaḥ) - whose spirit/mind is destroyed/broken, disheartened

• हतौजः (hataujaḥ) - whose vigor/energy is destroyed, deprived of strength

• याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds, falls into

• नीचताम् (nīcatām) - lowliness, degradation, meanness

• मुह्यते (muhyate) - is deluded, confused, faints, is perplexed

• रौति (rauti) - cries, roars, howls, wails

• पतति (patati) - falls, descends, drops

• तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by craving, by thirst, by desire

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, afflicted, overwhelmed

• जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, individual, people

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्टदैन्यः (dṛṣṭadainyaḥ) - one who has seen misery/wretchedness, experiencing degradation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭadainya

dṛṣṭadainya - having seen misery, experiencing wretchedness

Bahuvrihi compound. dṛṣṭa (past passive participle of dṛś) + dainya (misery). "One by whom misery has been seen."

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛṣṭa+dainya)

• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• dainya – misery, wretchedness, poverty, humility
  noun (neuter)
  From dīna (poor, miserable) + ya (abstract suffix).

हतस्वान्तः (hatasvāntaḥ) - whose spirit/mind is destroyed/broken, disheartened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatasvānta

hatasvānta - with a destroyed spirit, broken-hearted

Bahuvrihi compound. hata (past passive participle of han) + svānta (heart, mind, spirit). "One whose spirit is destroyed."

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+svānta)

• hata – struck, killed, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• svānta – one's own mind/heart/spirit
  noun (neuter)

हतौजः (hataujaḥ) - whose vigor/energy is destroyed, deprived of strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hatauja

hatauja - with destroyed vigor, deprived of energy

Bahuvrihi compound. hata (past passive participle of han) + ojas (vigor, energy). "One whose vigor is destroyed."

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+ojas)

• hata – struck, killed, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)
• ojas – vigor, energy, vitality, power
  noun (neuter)

याति (yāti) - goes, proceeds, falls into

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present active indicative

Root yā.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'janaḥ'.

नीचताम् (nīcatām) - lowliness, degradation, meanness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nīcatā

nīcatā - lowliness, meanness, degradation, baseness

From nīca (low, mean) + suffix tā (abstract noun).

मुह्यते (muhyate) - is deluded, confused, faints, is perplexed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of muh

Present middle indicative

Root muh (class 4). Middle voice is often used for states of mind.

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Subject is 'janaḥ'.

रौति (rauti) - cries, roars, howls, wails

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ru

Present active indicative

Root ru (class 2).

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'janaḥ'.

पतति (patati) - falls, descends, drops

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present active indicative

Root pat (class 1).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'janaḥ'.

तृष्णया (tṛṣṇayā) - by craving, by thirst, by desire

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇā

tṛṣṇā - craving, thirst, desire

From root tṛṣ (to thirst).

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agent of 'abhihataḥ'.

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, afflicted, overwhelmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, afflicted, attacked, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix abhi- + root han (to strike, kill).

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, individual, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - man, person, human being, people

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

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