योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-15, verse-16

मूलान्यपि सुसूक्ष्माणि कठिनाशयकर्कशा ।
तृष्णा परशुधारेव वल्गन्ति विनिकृन्तति ॥ १६ ॥

mūlānyapi susūkṣmāṇi kaṭhināśayakarkaśā ,
tṛṣṇā paraśudhāreva valganti vinikṛntati 16

16. mūlāni api susūkṣmāṇi kaṭhināśayakarkaśā
tṛṣṇā paraśudhāre iva valganti vinikṛntati

16. tṛṣṇā kaṭhināśayakarkaśā paraśudhāre iva
mūlāni api susūkṣmāṇi valganti vinikṛntati

16. Even with its very subtle roots, craving (tṛṣṇā), whose intrinsic nature is rigid and harsh, manifests aggressively like an axe blade and severs.

Words meanings summery:

• मूलानि (mūlāni) - the underlying origins or subtle aspects of craving (roots, origins, foundations)

• अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the subtlety of the roots) (even, also, too, moreover)

• सुसूक्ष्माणि (susūkṣmāṇi) - extremely subtle (referring to the roots of craving) (very subtle, extremely minute, highly refined)

• कठिनाशयकर्कशा (kaṭhināśayakarkaśā) - intrinsic nature is rigid and harsh (describing tṛṣṇā) (whose intention/nature is rigid and harsh, hard-hearted and cruel)

• तृष्णा (tṛṣṇā) - craving (tṛṣṇā), as the subject of the verse (craving, thirst, desire, longing)

• परशुधारे (paraśudhāre) - like an axe blade (axe blade, edge of an axe)

• इव (iva) - like (indicating comparison) (like, as, as if)

• वल्गन्ति (valganti) - (its manifestations) leap forth / (it) manifests aggressively (poetic plural for intensity/diversity of actions) (they leap, they prance, they manifest aggressively)

• विनिकृन्तति (vinikṛntati) - it severs, cuts down (referring to tṛṣṇā's destructive action) (it cuts down, severs, destroys)

Words meanings and morphology

मूलानि (mūlāni) - the underlying origins or subtle aspects of craving (roots, origins, foundations)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mūla

mūla - root, origin, basis, foundation, source, principal, capital

अपि (api) - even (emphasizing the subtlety of the roots) (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

सुसूक्ष्माणि (susūkṣmāṇi) - extremely subtle (referring to the roots of craving) (very subtle, extremely minute, highly refined)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of susūkṣma

susūkṣma - very subtle, extremely minute, highly refined, very delicate

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+sūkṣma)

• su – good, well, excellent, very, easily
  indeclinable
• sūkṣma – subtle, minute, fine, delicate, refined
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'mūlāni'.

कठिनाशयकर्कशा (kaṭhināśayakarkaśā) - intrinsic nature is rigid and harsh (describing tṛṣṇā) (whose intention/nature is rigid and harsh, hard-hearted and cruel)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kaṭhināśayakarkaśā

kaṭhināśayakarkaśā - rigid in intention/nature and harsh

Compound type : descriptive compound (kaṭhina+āśaya+karkaśa)

• kaṭhina – hard, rigid, firm, difficult
  adjective
• āśaya – intention, meaning, repository, mind, heart, inner nature
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)
• karkaśa – harsh, rough, cruel, severe, rigid
  adjective

Note: Adjective modifying 'tṛṣṇā'.

तृष्णा (tṛṣṇā) - craving (tṛṣṇā), as the subject of the verse (craving, thirst, desire, longing)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tṛṣṇā

tṛṣṇā - craving, thirst, desire, longing, avidity

From root `tṛṣ` (to thirst).

Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

परशुधारे (paraśudhāre) - like an axe blade (axe blade, edge of an axe)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of paraśudhārā

paraśudhārā - axe blade, edge of an axe

Compound of `paraśu` (axe) and `dhārā` (edge/blade).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paraśu+dhārā)

• paraśu – axe, hatchet
  noun (masculine)
• dhārā – edge, blade, stream, current
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used in comparison with `iva`.

इव (iva) - like (indicating comparison) (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

वल्गन्ति (valganti) - (its manifestations) leap forth / (it) manifests aggressively (poetic plural for intensity/diversity of actions) (they leap, they prance, they manifest aggressively)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of valg

Present Active

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice.

Root: valg (class 1)

Note: This verb's plural form is unusual given 'tṛṣṇā' is singular. Interpreted as referring to the diverse manifestations or effects.

विनिकृन्तति (vinikṛntati) - it severs, cuts down (referring to tṛṣṇā's destructive action) (it cuts down, severs, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛnt

Present Active

Root `kṛt` with prefixes `vi` and `ni` forms `vinikṛnt`.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'tṛṣṇā'.

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