योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-41, verse-9

शब्दार्थवाक्प्रपञ्चोऽयमुपदेशेषु कल्पितः ।
सदाऽज्ञेषु न तज्ज्ञेषु विद्यते पारमार्थिकः ॥ ९ ॥

śabdārthavākprapañco'yamupadeśeṣu kalpitaḥ ,
sadā'jñeṣu na tajjñeṣu vidyate pāramārthikaḥ 9

9. śabdārthavākprapañcaḥ ayam upadeśeṣu kalpitaḥ
sadā ajñeṣu na tajjñeṣu vidyate pāramārthikaḥ

9. This linguistic proliferation of words and meanings is devised in instructions. It is always considered ultimately real (pāramārthika) by the ignorant, but it is not found to be so by those who truly know.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दार्थवाक्प्रपञ्चः (śabdārthavākprapañcaḥ) - proliferation of words, meanings, and language

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• उपदेशेषु (upadeśeṣu) - in instructions, in teachings

• कल्पितः (kalpitaḥ) - devised, constructed (created, imagined, devised, taught, constructed)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• अज्ञेषु (ajñeṣu) - among the ignorant, for the unknowing

• न (na) - not

• तज्ज्ञेषु (tajjñeṣu) - among those who know that, for those who know the truth

• विद्यते (vidyate) - is found (as ultimately real) (exists, is found, is)

• पारमार्थिकः (pāramārthikaḥ) - truly real, ultimate, absolute, pertaining to the highest truth

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दार्थवाक्प्रपञ्चः (śabdārthavākprapañcaḥ) - proliferation of words, meanings, and language

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabdārthavākprapañca

śabdārthavākprapañca - proliferation of words, their meanings, and speech/language

Compound type : tatpurusha (śabdārtha+vāc+prapañca)

• śabdārtha – word meaning, meaning of a word
  noun (masculine)
• vāc – speech, word, language
  noun (feminine)
  From root `vac` (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• prapañca – expansion, manifestation, proliferation, delusion
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra`-`pañc` (to expand, to manifest)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: pañc (class 10)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Masculine nominative singular form of `idam`.

उपदेशेषु (upadeśeṣu) - in instructions, in teachings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of upadeśa

upadeśa - instruction, teaching, advice

From `upa`-`diś` + `ghañ` suffix

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

कल्पितः (kalpitaḥ) - devised, constructed (created, imagined, devised, taught, constructed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalpita

kalpita - created, imagined, devised, taught, arranged, considered

Past Passive Participle

From root `kḷp` (to arrange, devise) + `kta` suffix

Root: kḷp (class 10)

Note: Predicative adjective.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

From `sa` (with) + `dā` (time, place)

Note: Adverb modifying `vidyate`.

अज्ञेषु (ajñeṣu) - among the ignorant, for the unknowing

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, fool

From `a` (not) + `jña` (knowing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jña)

• a – not, un-, in-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• jña – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root `jñā` (to know) + `ka` suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: "Among the ignorant".

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

तज्ज्ञेषु (tajjñeṣu) - among those who know that, for those who know the truth

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tajjña

tajjña - knowing that, knowing the truth, an expert

From `tad` (that) + `jña` (knower). The `d` becomes `j` before `j` due to internal sandhi within the compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+jña)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
  Stem of the demonstrative pronoun.
• jña – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix
  From root `jñā` (to know) + `ka` suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: "Among those who know that (truth)".

विद्यते (vidyate) - is found (as ultimately real) (exists, is found, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present middle

3rd person singular, present indicative, middle voice

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: Subject is `śabdārthavākprapañcaḥ` implicitly.

पारमार्थिकः (pāramārthikaḥ) - truly real, ultimate, absolute, pertaining to the highest truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāramārthika

pāramārthika - pertaining to the highest truth, truly real, ultimate, absolute

From `paramārtha` (highest truth) + `ṭhak` (ika) suffix

Note: Predicative adjective.

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