योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-41, verse-12

वाक्प्रपञ्चं विना त्वेतदज्ञानमतुलं तमः ।
भेत्तुमन्योन्यमुदितं यत्नं कर्तुं न शक्यते ॥ १२ ॥

vākprapañcaṃ vinā tvetadajñānamatulaṃ tamaḥ ,
bhettumanyonyamuditaṃ yatnaṃ kartuṃ na śakyate 12

12. vāk-prapañcam vinā tu etat ajñānam atulam tamaḥ
bhettum anyonyamuditam yatnam kartum na śakyate

12. tu vāk-prapañcam vinā etat atulam ajñānam tamaḥ
bhettum anyonyamuditam yatnam kartum na śakyate

12. However, without the elaboration of speech, this immense darkness of ignorance (ajñāna) cannot be dispelled, nor can a mutually generated effort (yatna) be made [to overcome it].

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्-प्रपञ्चम् (vāk-prapañcam) - elaboration of speech (elaboration of speech, verbal expansion)

• विना (vinā) - without (without, except)

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, however)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance (ajñāna) (ignorance)

• अतुलम् (atulam) - incomparable, immense (incomparable, immense, unparalleled)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, ignorance (as a quality))

• भेत्तुम् (bhettum) - to dispel (to break, to dispel, to split)

• अन्योन्यमुदितम् (anyonyamuditam) - mutually generated (mutually arisen/expressed)

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (yatna) (effort, exertion)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to make (to do, to make, to perform)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शक्यते (śakyate) - is not possible (is possible, can be done)

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्-प्रपञ्चम् (vāk-prapañcam) - elaboration of speech (elaboration of speech, verbal expansion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāk-prapañca

vāk-prapañca - elaboration of speech, verbal expansion, discourse

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāc+prapañca)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
• prapañca – elaboration, expansion, manifestation, illusion, world
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'vinā'.

विना (vinā) - without (without, except)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Agrees with 'ajñānam' and 'tamaḥ'.

अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance (ajñāna) (ignorance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)

अतुलम् (atulam) - incomparable, immense (incomparable, immense, unparalleled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atula

atula - incomparable, unparalleled, immense

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+tulā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• tulā – balance, comparison, equality
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'tamaḥ' and 'ajñānam'.

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, ignorance (as a quality))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia

Note: Functions as the subject along with 'ajñānam'.

भेत्तुम् (bhettum) - to dispel (to break, to dispel, to split)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of purpose from root 'bhid'

Root: bhid (class 7)

अन्योन्यमुदितम् (anyonyamuditam) - mutually generated (mutually arisen/expressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonyamudita

anyonyamudita - mutually arisen, mutually expressed, mutual

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'anyonyam' (mutually) and 'udita' (arisen, manifested, PP from `vad` with `ud-`)

Compound type : tatpurusha (anyonyam+udita)

• anyonyam – mutually, each other
  indeclinable
• udita – risen, appeared, spoken, said
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vad' (to speak) with prefix 'ud-' (up, forth)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yatnam'.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort (yatna) (effort, exertion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavour, attempt

Note: Object of 'kartum'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to make (to do, to make, to perform)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of purpose from root 'kṛ'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शक्यते (śakyate) - is not possible (is possible, can be done)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

Present Passive

3rd person singular present passive voice

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Used impersonally with infinitives.

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