योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-41, verse-31

राम नासाद्यते तद्धि पदमक्षयमुच्यते ।
यतःकुतश्चिज्जातेयमविद्या मलदायिनी ॥ ३१ ॥

rāma nāsādyate taddhi padamakṣayamucyate ,
yataḥkutaścijjāteyamavidyā maladāyinī 31

31. rāma na āsādyate tat hi padam akṣayam ucyate
yataḥ kutaścit jātā iyam avidyā maladāyinī

31. rāma,
tat hi akṣayam padam na āsādyate.
iyam maladāyinī avidyā yataḥ kutaścit jātā.

31. O Rama, that imperishable state (pada) is certainly not attained. This ignorance (avidyā), which brings impurity, is born from some unknown source.

Words meanings summery:

• राम (rāma) - O Rama

• न (na) - not, no

• आसाद्यते (āsādyate) - is attained, is reached, is approached

• तत् (tat) - that imperishable state (that, this)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

• पदम् (padam) - the imperishable state or spiritual abode (state, position, abode, step, foot)

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable, undecaying, eternal

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

• यतः (yataḥ) - from where, from which, because

• कुतश्चित् (kutaścit) - from somewhere, from any source, from wherever

• जाता (jātā) - born, arisen, produced

• इयम् (iyam) - this (referring to avidya) (this, she)

• अविद्या (avidyā) - spiritual ignorance (avidyā) (ignorance, nescience)

• मलदायिनी (maladāyinī) - giving impurity, causing defilement

Words meanings and morphology

राम (rāma) - O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity in Hinduism, central figure of the Ramayana)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आसाद्यते (āsādyate) - is attained, is reached, is approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of āsād

Root 'sad' (1st class) with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that imperishable state (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used here as a substantive.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because, for

(indeclinable)

पदम् (padam) - the imperishable state or spiritual abode (state, position, abode, step, foot)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - step, foot, abode, state, position, word

From root 'pad' (4th class), 'to go, move'.

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Subject of passive verb 'āsādyate'.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - imperishable, undecaying, eternal

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - imperishable, undecaying, eternal, inexhaustible

Negation of 'kṣaya' (decay, destruction). From root 'kṣi' (to perish) with prefix 'a-' (negation).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss, waste
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kṣi' (to perish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'padam'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root 'vac' (2nd class). Passive form.

Root: vac (class 2)

यतः (yataḥ) - from where, from which, because

(indeclinable)

Adverbial ablative of relative pronoun 'yad'.

Note: Paired with 'kutaścit'.

कुतश्चित् (kutaścit) - from somewhere, from any source, from wherever

(indeclinable)

Adverbial ablative of interrogative pronoun 'kim' + particle 'cit'.

जाता (jātā) - born, arisen, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, arisen, produced, become

Past Passive Participle

From root 'jan' (4th class), 'to be born'.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'avidyā'.

इयम् (iyam) - this (referring to avidya) (this, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'avidyā'.

अविद्या (avidyā) - spiritual ignorance (avidyā) (ignorance, nescience)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance (avidyā)

Negation of vidyā.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

मलदायिनी (maladāyinī) - giving impurity, causing defilement

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maladāyin

maladāyin - impurity-giving, stain-causing, causing defilement

Agent noun

Derived from 'mala' (impurity) + 'dāyin' (giver/causing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mala+dāyin)

• mala – impurity, dirt, stain, sin
  noun (neuter)
• dāyin – giving, bestowing, granting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'dā' (to give) + suffix '-in'.
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'avidyā'.

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