योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-41, verse-38

यथैषा जन्मदुःखेषु न भूयस्त्वां नियोक्ष्यति ।
सर्वापदामेकसखीमज्ञानतरुमञ्जरीम् ।
अनर्थसार्थजननीमविद्यामलमुद्धर ॥ ३८ ॥

yathaiṣā janmaduḥkheṣu na bhūyastvāṃ niyokṣyati ,
sarvāpadāmekasakhīmajñānatarumañjarīm ,
anarthasārthajananīmavidyāmalamuddhara 38

38. yathā eṣā janma-duḥkheṣu na bhūyas
tvām niyokṣyati sarva-āpadām
eka-sakhīm ajñāna-taru-mañjarīm
anartha-sārtha-jananīm avidyā-malam uddhara

38. eṣā sarva-āpadām eka-sakhīm
ajñāna-taru-mañjarīm anartha-sārtha-jananīm
avidyā-malam uddhara yathā bhūyas
tvām janma-duḥkheṣu na niyokṣyati

38. Uproot the impurity of ignorance (avidyā)—that sole companion of all calamities, the sprout of the tree of nescience (ajñāna), and the mother of a multitude of misfortunes—so that it may no longer involve you in the miseries of birth.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - in order that (as, so that, in order that)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (ignorance) (this (feminine nominative singular))

• जन्म-दुःखेषु (janma-duḥkheṣu) - in the sufferings associated with repeated births (in the miseries of birth)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• भूयस् (bhūyas) - again (again, further, more)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (the listener, Rama) (you (accusative singular))

• नियोक्ष्यति (niyokṣyati) - will involve (will engage, will employ, will involve)

• सर्व-आपदाम् (sarva-āpadām) - of all misfortunes (of all calamities / misfortunes)

• एक-सखीम् (eka-sakhīm) - the sole companion (the sole companion (feminine accusative singular))

• अज्ञान-तरु-मञ्जरीम् (ajñāna-taru-mañjarīm) - the sprout of the tree of nescience (ajñāna) (the bud/sprout of the tree of ignorance (accusative singular))

• अनर्थ-सार्थ-जननीम् (anartha-sārtha-jananīm) - the mother of a host of misfortunes (the mother of a multitude of evils/misfortunes (accusative singular))

• अविद्या-मलम् (avidyā-malam) - the impurity of ignorance (avidyā) (the impurity of ignorance (accusative singular))

• उद्धर (uddhara) - uproot (uproot, remove, lift up, extract (imperative))

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - in order that (as, so that, in order that)

(indeclinable)

एषा (eṣā) - this (ignorance) (this (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to avidyā.

जन्म-दुःखेषु (janma-duḥkheṣu) - in the sufferings associated with repeated births (in the miseries of birth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of janma-duḥkha

janma-duḥkha - miseries of birth, suffering of existence

Compound type : tatpurusha (janman+duḥkha)

• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

भूयस् (bhūyas) - again (again, further, more)

(indeclinable)

comparative form of bahu

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (the listener, Rama) (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

नियोक्ष्यति (niyokṣyati) - will involve (will engage, will employ, will involve)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of niyuj

future active

3rd person singular, future tense, active voice

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

सर्व-आपदाम् (sarva-āpadām) - of all misfortunes (of all calamities / misfortunes)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of sarva-āpad

sarva-āpad - all calamities

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+āpad)

• sarva – all, every, entire
  adjective (masculine)
• āpad – calamity, misfortune, distress
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to avidyā.

एक-सखीम् (eka-sakhīm) - the sole companion (the sole companion (feminine accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of eka-sakhī

eka-sakhī - sole companion, only friend

Compound type : tatpurusha (eka+sakhī)

• eka – one, sole, single
  adjective (masculine)
• sakhī – female friend, companion
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to avidyā.

अज्ञान-तरु-मञ्जरीम् (ajñāna-taru-mañjarīm) - the sprout of the tree of nescience (ajñāna) (the bud/sprout of the tree of ignorance (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ajñāna-taru-mañjarī

ajñāna-taru-mañjarī - sprout of the tree of ignorance

Compound type : tatpurusha (ajñāna+taru+mañjarī)

• ajñāna – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance
  noun (neuter)
  compound of a (negation) + jñāna
  Prefix: a
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• taru – tree
  noun (masculine)
• mañjarī – bud, sprout, cluster, blossom
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to avidyā.

अनर्थ-सार्थ-जननीम् (anartha-sārtha-jananīm) - the mother of a host of misfortunes (the mother of a multitude of evils/misfortunes (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anartha-sārtha-jananī

anartha-sārtha-jananī - mother of a multitude of evils

Compound type : tatpurusha (anartha-sārtha+jananī)

• anartha – misfortune, evil, useless, meaningless
  noun (masculine)
  compound of a (negation) + artha
  Prefix: a
• sārtha – multitude, collection, company, caravan
  noun (masculine)
• jananī – mother, producer
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to avidyā.

अविद्या-मलम् (avidyā-malam) - the impurity of ignorance (avidyā) (the impurity of ignorance (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avidyā-mala

avidyā-mala - the stain/impurity of ignorance

Compound type : tatpurusha (avidyā+mala)

• avidyā – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance
  noun (feminine)
  compound of a (negation) + vidyā
  Prefix: a
  Root: vid (class 2)
• mala – impurity, dirt, stain, defect
  noun (masculine)

Note: The direct object of the verb uddhara.

उद्धर (uddhara) - uproot (uproot, remove, lift up, extract (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of uddhṛ

imperative active

2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'you' (Rama).

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