योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-28

आबाल्यादलमभ्यस्तैः शास्त्रसत्सङ्गमादिभिः ।
गुणैः पुरुषयत्नेन स्वार्थः संप्राप्यते यतः ॥ २८ ॥

ābālyādalamabhyastaiḥ śāstrasatsaṅgamādibhiḥ ,
guṇaiḥ puruṣayatnena svārthaḥ saṃprāpyate yataḥ 28

28. ābālyāt alam abhyastaiḥ śāstrasatsaṅgamādibhiḥ
guṇaiḥ puruṣayatnena svārthaḥ samprāpyate yataḥ

28. yataḥ svārthaḥ puruṣayatnena ābālyāt alam abhyastaiḥ
śāstrasatsaṅgamādibhiḥ guṇaiḥ samprāpyate

28. Because one's own goal (svārtha) is achieved through human effort (puruṣayatna) and by virtues (guṇa) cultivated extensively from childhood, particularly through the study of scriptures (śāstra) and association with good company.

Words meanings summery:

• आबाल्यात् (ābālyāt) - from childhood, from a young age

• अलम् (alam) - extensively (sufficiently, adequately, extensively, completely, enough)

• अभ्यस्तैः (abhyastaiḥ) - by those (virtues/qualities) cultivated (by those practiced, by those cultivated, by those acquired)

• शास्त्रसत्सङ्गमादिभिः (śāstrasatsaṅgamādibhiḥ) - by means of scriptures (śāstra) and good company (by scriptures, good company, and others)

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by virtues (guṇa) (by qualities, by virtues, by attributes)

• पुरुषयत्नेन (puruṣayatnena) - by human effort (puruṣayatna) (by human effort, by one's own endeavor)

• स्वार्थः (svārthaḥ) - one's own goal (svārtha) (one's own purpose, self-interest, one's own goal)

• सम्प्राप्यते (samprāpyate) - is attained (is attained, is achieved, is obtained)

• यतः (yataḥ) - because (because, since, from which, whereby)

Words meanings and morphology

आबाल्यात् (ābālyāt) - from childhood, from a young age

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ābālya

ābālya - childhood, youth

Derived from bāla (child) with prefix ā- indicating 'until' or 'from'

अलम् (alam) - extensively (sufficiently, adequately, extensively, completely, enough)

(indeclinable)

अभ्यस्तैः (abhyastaiḥ) - by those (virtues/qualities) cultivated (by those practiced, by those cultivated, by those acquired)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of abhyasta

abhyasta - practiced, trained, learned, cultivated, accustomed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix abhi + as (to throw, practice) + kta suffix

Prefix: abhi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Agrees with guṇaiḥ.

शास्त्रसत्सङ्गमादिभिः (śāstrasatsaṅgamādibhiḥ) - by means of scriptures (śāstra) and good company (by scriptures, good company, and others)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śāstrasatsaṅgamādi

śāstrasatsaṅgamādi - scriptures, good company, and so on

Compound type : dvandva/tatpuruṣa (śāstra+satsaṅgama+ādi)

• śāstra – scripture, treatise, rule, science, knowledge (śāstra)
  noun (neuter)
  From śās (to teach, instruct)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• satsaṅgama – association with the good, good company (satsaṅgama)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of sat (good) and saṅgama (association)
  Prefix: sam
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
  indeclinable

Note: Agrees with guṇaiḥ.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by virtues (guṇa) (by qualities, by virtues, by attributes)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, constituent of nature (guṇa)

Note: The instrumental indicates the means by which svārtha is attained.

पुरुषयत्नेन (puruṣayatnena) - by human effort (puruṣayatna) (by human effort, by one's own endeavor)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣayatna

puruṣayatna - human effort, male endeavor

Compound of puruṣa (man, human, cosmic person) and yatna (effort)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+yatna)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• yatna – effort, exertion, endeavor
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the primary means for attainment.

स्वार्थः (svārthaḥ) - one's own goal (svārtha) (one's own purpose, self-interest, one's own goal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svārtha

svārtha - one's own object or interest, self-interest, own purpose

Compound of sva (own) and artha (goal, purpose)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+artha)

• sva – own, one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• artha – goal, purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: The subject of the passive verb samprāpyate.

सम्प्राप्यते (samprāpyate) - is attained (is attained, is achieved, is obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of samprāp

Root āp with prefixes sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Its subject is svārthaḥ.

यतः (yataḥ) - because (because, since, from which, whereby)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of yad (which) used as an indeclinable adverb.

Note: Introduces the reason.

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