योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-16

प्रत्यहं प्रत्यवेक्षेत देहं नश्वरमात्मनः ।
संत्यजेत्पशुभिस्तुल्यं श्रयेत्सत्पुरुषोचितम् ॥ १६ ॥

pratyahaṃ pratyavekṣeta dehaṃ naśvaramātmanaḥ ,
saṃtyajetpaśubhistulyaṃ śrayetsatpuruṣocitam 16

16. pratyaham pratyavekṣeta deham naśvaram ātmanaḥ
samtyajet paśubhiḥ tulyam śrayet satpuruṣocitam

16. ātmanaḥ naśvaram deham pratyaham pratyavekṣeta
paśubhiḥ tulyam samtyajet satpuruṣocitam śrayet

16. One should daily examine one's own perishable body (ātman). One should reject that which is comparable to animals and embrace what is befitting a virtuous person.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यहम् (pratyaham) - daily, every day

• प्रत्यवेक्षेत (pratyavekṣeta) - one should examine, one should observe, one should consider

• देहम् (deham) - body

• नश्वरम् (naśvaram) - perishable, transient, destructible

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own (ātman) (of oneself, of the self)

• सम्त्यजेत् (samtyajet) - one should abandon, one should renounce, one should give up

• पशुभिः (paśubhiḥ) - by animals, with animals

• तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal to, similar to, comparable

• श्रयेत् (śrayet) - one should resort to, one should embrace, one should adopt

• सत्पुरुषोचितम् (satpuruṣocitam) - befitting a virtuous person, proper for a good person

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यहम् (pratyaham) - daily, every day

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'prati' (each) and 'ahan' (day).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+ahan)

• prati – towards, against, each
  indeclinable
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

प्रत्यवेक्षेत (pratyavekṣeta) - one should examine, one should observe, one should consider

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of pratyavekṣ

optative mood, 3rd person singular

Formed from `prati` + `ava` + root `īkṣ` (to see). Optative ending `eta` (middle voice).

Prefixes: prati+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

देहम् (deham) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, person

From root `dih` (to anoint, smear), referring to a body built up.

Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb `pratyavekṣeta`.

नश्वरम् (naśvaram) - perishable, transient, destructible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naśvara

naśvara - perishable, transient, destructible

From root `naś` (to perish) with `varaC` suffix.

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `deham`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own (ātman) (of oneself, of the self)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, breath

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Possessive, 'one's own'.

सम्त्यजेत् (samtyajet) - one should abandon, one should renounce, one should give up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of samtyaj

optative mood, 3rd person singular

Formed from `sam` + root `tyaj` (to abandon). Optative ending `et` (active voice).

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

पशुभिः (paśubhiḥ) - by animals, with animals

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal to, similar to, comparable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, like, similar, comparable

From root `tul` (to weigh) with `ya` suffix.

Root: tul (class 10)

श्रयेत् (śrayet) - one should resort to, one should embrace, one should adopt

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of śray

optative mood, 3rd person singular

From root `śrī` (to resort to, to serve). Optative ending `et` (active voice).

Root: śrī (class 1)

सत्पुरुषोचितम् (satpuruṣocitam) - befitting a virtuous person, proper for a good person

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satpuruṣocita

satpuruṣocita - proper for a good person, suitable for a virtuous man

Compound of `satpuruṣa` (good person) and `ucita` (proper, suitable).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satpuruṣa+ucita)

• satpuruṣa – good person, virtuous man
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'sat' (good) and 'puruṣa' (person).
• ucita – proper, suitable, fit, appropriate
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `vac` (to speak), meaning 'said, enjoined', then 'proper'.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `śrayet`.