योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-19

प्रत्यक्षमानमुत्सृज्य योऽनुमानमुपैत्यसौ ।
स्वभुजाभ्यामिमौ सर्पाविति प्रेक्ष्य पलायते ॥ १९ ॥

pratyakṣamānamutsṛjya yo'numānamupaityasau ,
svabhujābhyāmimau sarpāviti prekṣya palāyate 19

19. pratyakṣamānam utsṛjya yaḥ anumānam upaiti asau
svabhujābhyām imau sarpau iti prekṣya palāyate

19. yaḥ pratyakṣamānam utsṛjya anumānam upaiti,
asau svabhujābhyām imau sarpau iti prekṣya palāyate

19. Whoever disregards direct perception (pratyakṣa) and instead relies on inference (anumāna) is like someone who, perceiving their own two arms and thinking, "These are two snakes!", flees in fear.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यक्षमानम् (pratyakṣamānam) - direct perception (pratyakṣa) (direct perception, immediate knowledge)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having rejected, having given up

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अनुमानम् (anumānam) - inference (anumāna) (inference, conclusion, supposition)

• उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, resorts to, goes near

• असौ (asau) - that one, he

• स्वभुजाभ्याम् (svabhujābhyām) - by his own two arms, with his own two arms

• इमौ (imau) - these two

• सर्पौ (sarpau) - two snakes

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotation marker)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked

• पलायते (palāyate) - flees, runs away, escapes

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यक्षमानम् (pratyakṣamānam) - direct perception (pratyakṣa) (direct perception, immediate knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣamāna

pratyakṣamāna - direct perception, immediate knowledge, a means of direct proof

Compound of `pratyakṣa` (perceptible, direct) and `māna` (measure, knowledge, proof).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pratyakṣa+māna)

• pratyakṣa – direct, perceptible, visible
  adjective (neuter)
  From `prati` + `akṣi` (eye), meaning 'before the eyes'.
  Prefix: prati
• māna – measure, standard, proof, knowledge, perception
  noun (neuter)
  From root `mā` (to measure, know).
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Object of `utsṛjya`.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having rejected, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from `ud` + root `sṛj` (to let go, create) + `lyaP` suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Nominative singular masculine.

अनुमानम् (anumānam) - inference (anumāna) (inference, conclusion, supposition)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anumāna

anumāna - inference, conclusion, supposition, a means of indirect proof

From `anu` + root `mā` (to measure, know) + `ana` suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Object of `upaiti`.

उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, resorts to, goes near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upai

present tense, 3rd person singular

Formed from `upa` + root `i` (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

असौ (asau) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, yonder (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular.

स्वभुजाभ्याम् (svabhujābhyām) - by his own two arms, with his own two arms

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, dual of svabhujā

svabhujā - one's own arm

Compound of `sva` (own) and `bhujā` (arm).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+bhujā)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• bhujā – arm, hand, branch
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used with `prekṣya` to denote what is seen.

इमौ (imau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of idam

idam - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative dual.

Note: Demonstrative, pointing to the two arms.

सर्पौ (sarpau) - two snakes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

From root `sṛp` (to creep, glide).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for `imau` in the `iti` clause.

इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having looked

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from `pra` + root `īkṣ` (to see) + `lyaP` suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पलायते (palāyate) - flees, runs away, escapes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of palāy

present tense, 3rd person singular

From root `palāy`. The `y` often indicates a former causal stem or an unusual root formation.

Root: palāy (class 1)

Note: The action of the person described by `yaḥ` and `asau`.