योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-30, verse-23

किमिह स्यादुपादेयं किंवा हेयमथेतरत् ।
कथं विश्रान्तिमायातु चेतश्चपलमद्रिवत् ॥ २३ ॥

kimiha syādupādeyaṃ kiṃvā heyamathetarat ,
kathaṃ viśrāntimāyātu cetaścapalamadrivat 23

23. kim iha syāt upādeyam kim vā heyam atha itarat
katham viśrāntim āyātu cetaḥ capalam adri-vat

23. iha kim upādeyam syāt kim vā heyam atha itarat
katham viśrāntim āyātu capalam adri-vat cetaḥ

23. What among these should be accepted, what should be rejected, and what is indifferent? How can this fickle mind, which is as steadfast as a mountain (in its restlessness), attain peace?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• उपादेयम् (upādeyam) - to be accepted, desirable

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• वा (vā) - or, either

• हेयम् (heyam) - to be abandoned, to be avoided

• अथ (atha) - then, moreover

• इतरत् (itarat) - the other, different

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• विश्रान्तिम् (viśrāntim) - rest, repose, peace

• आयातु (āyātu) - may it attain, let it come

• चेतः (cetaḥ) - mind, consciousness

• चपलम् (capalam) - fickle, restless, unsteady

• अद्रि-वत् (adri-vat) - as steadfast as a mountain (in its fickleness) (like a mountain, mountain-like)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which

Note: Also possible as accusative singular.

इह (iha) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Root 'as' (2nd class), optative mood, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

उपादेयम् (upādeyam) - to be accepted, desirable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upādeya

upādeya - to be taken, acceptable, desirable

Gerundive

From verb root 'dā' (to give/take) with upasargas 'upa' and 'ā'. Formed with suffix -eya.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'kim'.

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which

Note: Also possible as accusative singular.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

हेयम् (heyam) - to be abandoned, to be avoided

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of heya

heya - to be abandoned, to be avoided, to be discarded

Gerundive

From verb root 'hā' (to abandon) with suffix -eya.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'kim'.

अथ (atha) - then, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a new alternative.

इतरत् (itarat) - the other, different

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of itara

itara - other, different, remaining, indifferent

Note: Used adverbially or as a pronominal adjective.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

विश्रान्तिम् (viśrāntim) - rest, repose, peace

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viśrānti

viśrānti - rest, repose, peace, tranquility

Derived from root 'śram' (to be weary) with prefix 'vi', suffix -ti.

Prefix: vi

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Object of 'āyātu'.

आयातु (āyātu) - may it attain, let it come

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ā-yā

Verb root 'yā' (to go) with upasarga 'ā'. Imperative mood, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

चेतः (cetaḥ) - mind, consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, consciousness, intellect

Note: Subject of 'āyātu'.

चपलम् (capalam) - fickle, restless, unsteady

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of capala

capala - fickle, restless, unsteady, wavering

Note: Adjective modifying 'cetas'.

अद्रि-वत् (adri-vat) - as steadfast as a mountain (in its fickleness) (like a mountain, mountain-like)

(indeclinable)

From 'adri' (mountain) with suffix '-vat' (like).

Compound type : taddhita (adri)

• adri – mountain, stone, cloud
  noun (masculine)

Note: An adverbial formation indicating comparison for 'capalam'.