योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-30, verse-12

सर्वारम्भसमारूढाः सुजना जनकादयः ।
व्यवहारपरा एव कथमुत्तमतां गताः ॥ १२ ॥

sarvārambhasamārūḍhāḥ sujanā janakādayaḥ ,
vyavahāraparā eva kathamuttamatāṃ gatāḥ 12

12. sarvārambhasamārūḍhāḥ sujanāḥ janakādayaḥ
vyavahāraparāḥ eva katham uttamātām gatāḥ

12. sarvārambhasamārūḍhāḥ vyavahāraparāḥ eva
sujanāḥ janakādayaḥ katham uttamātām gatāḥ

12. How did virtuous people such as Janaka and others, who were fully engaged in all kinds of activities and deeply involved in worldly affairs, attain such an exalted state?

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वारम्भसमारूढाः (sarvārambhasamārūḍhāḥ) - engaged in all undertakings, having embarked on all enterprises

• सुजनाः (sujanāḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, noble individuals

• जनकादयः (janakādayaḥ) - Janaka and others, starting with Janaka

• व्यवहारपराः (vyavahāraparāḥ) - devoted to worldly affairs, engaged in practical matters, immersed in transactions

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• उत्तमाताम् (uttamātām) - to the state of excellence, supremacy, best quality

• गताः (gatāḥ) - attained (the state of excellence) (attained, reached, gone (here, "attained"))

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वारम्भसमारूढाः (sarvārambhasamārūḍhāḥ) - engaged in all undertakings, having embarked on all enterprises

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvārambhasamārūḍha

sarvārambhasamārūḍha - engaged in all undertakings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+ārambha+samārūḍha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• ārambha – undertaking, enterprise, beginning
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root 'rabh' with 'ā' prefix
  Prefix: ā
  Root: rabh (class 1)
• samārūḍha – mounted, ascended, engaged in
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root 'ruh' with 'sam' and 'ā' prefixes
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sujanāḥ janakādayaḥ'.

सुजनाः (sujanāḥ) - good people, virtuous ones, noble individuals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sujana

sujana - good person, virtuous individual

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+jana)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix
• jana – person, people, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जनकादयः (janakādayaḥ) - Janaka and others, starting with Janaka

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janakādi

janakādi - Janaka and others

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (janaka+ādi)

• janaka – Janaka (proper name of a king of Videha), father, progenitor
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ādi – beginning, and so on, et cetera
  indeclinable

Note: Refers to King Janaka as an example of a virtuous person.

व्यवहारपराः (vyavahāraparāḥ) - devoted to worldly affairs, engaged in practical matters, immersed in transactions

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavahārapara

vyavahārapara - devoted to worldly affairs, intent on practical matters

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyavahāra+para)

• vyavahāra – dealings, business, worldly affairs, conduct, practice
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  from root 'hṛ' with 'vi' and 'ava' prefixes
  Prefixes: vi+ava
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• para – intent on, devoted to, supreme, other
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'sujanāḥ janakādayaḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

उत्तमाताम् (uttamātām) - to the state of excellence, supremacy, best quality

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uttamātā

uttamātā - supremacy, excellence, best state, being the best

Formed from 'uttama' (supreme, best) + suffix 'tā' (state of being)

Note: Object of 'gatāḥ'.

गताः (gatāḥ) - attained (the state of excellence) (attained, reached, gone (here, "attained"))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

from root 'gam'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate participle for 'sujanāḥ janakādayaḥ'.