वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-100, verse-1

अध्यर्धयोजनं गत्वा नदीं पश्चान्मुखाश्रिताम् ।
सरयूं पुण्यसलिलां ददर्श रघुनन्दनः ॥१॥

1. adhyardhayojanaṃ gatvā nadīṃ paścānmukhāśritām ,
sarayūṃ puṇyasalilāṃ dadarśa raghunandanaḥ.

1. adhyardhayojanaṃ gatvā nadīṃ paścānmukhāśritām
sarayūṃ puṇyasalilāṃ dadarśa raghunandanaḥ

1. Having traveled one and a half yojanas, Rāma, the delight of the Raghu dynasty, saw the sacred-watered Sarayū river, which flowed westward.

Words meanings summery:

• अध्यर्धयोजनं (adhyardhayojanaṁ) - one and a half yojanas (a measure of distance)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• नदीं (nadīṁ) - river

• पश्चान्मुखाश्रिताम् (paścānmukhāśritām) - facing west, having its mouth directed westward

• सरयूं (sarayūṁ) - Sarayū (name of a river)

• पुण्यसलिलां (puṇyasalilāṁ) - having sacred waters

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rāma (delight of Raghu, descendant of Raghu (Rāma))

Words meanings and morphology

अध्यर्धयोजनं (adhyardhayojanaṁ) - one and a half yojanas (a measure of distance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adhyardhayojana

adhyardhayojana - one and a half yojanas

adhyardha (one and a half) + yojana (a measure of distance, approx. 8-10 miles)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhyardha+yojana)

• adhyardha – one and a half
  adjective (masculine)
• yojana – a measure of distance (approx. 8-10 miles)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of the gerund 'gatvā' (having gone).

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

नदीं (nadīṁ) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Direct object of dadarśa, qualified by paścānmukhāśritām, sarayūṃ, puṇyasalilāṃ.

पश्चान्मुखाश्रिताम् (paścānmukhāśritām) - facing west, having its mouth directed westward

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paścānmukhāśrita

paścānmukhāśrita - facing west, westward-turned

paścāt (west) + mukha (face) + āśrita (situated)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (paścāt+mukha+āśrita)

• paścāt – west, westward, behind
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
• āśrita – situated, resorted to, dependent on
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From √śri with prefix ā (to rest on, resort to)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies nadīm.

सरयूं (sarayūṁ) - Sarayū (name of a river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarayū

sarayū - Name of a sacred river in ancient India, flowing through Ayodhyā.

Note: Appositive to nadīm.

पुण्यसलिलां (puṇyasalilāṁ) - having sacred waters

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṇyasalila

puṇyasalila - having sacred or pure waters

puṇya (sacred, meritorious) + salila (water)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṇya+salila)

• puṇya – sacred, meritorious, pure
  adjective (neuter)
• salila – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies nadīm.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

perfect active

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रघुनन्दनः (raghunandanaḥ) - Rāma (delight of Raghu, descendant of Raghu (Rāma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raghunandana

raghunandana - delight of Raghu, descendant of Raghu (an epithet for Rāma)

raghu (name of an ancient king) + nandana (son, delight)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+nandana)

• raghu – Raghu (name of an ancient king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delight, gladdening
  noun (masculine)
  From √nand (to rejoice)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Subject of dadarśa.

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