वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-64, verse-4

तमाविध्य महातेजाः शक्रध्वजसमं रणे ।
विननाद विवृत्तास्यो निकुम्भो भीमविक्रमः ॥४॥

4. tamāvidhya mahātejāḥ śakradhvajasamaṃ raṇe ,
vinanāda vivṛttāsyo nikumbho bhīmavikramaḥ.

4. tam āvidhya mahātejāḥ śakradhvajasamam raṇe
vinanāda vivṛttāsyaḥ nikumbhaḥ bhīmavikramaḥ

4. Having brandished that (weapon), which was like Indra's banner, the greatly mighty Nikumbha, of formidable valor, roared in battle with his mouth wide open.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (weapon) (that, him, it)

• आविध्य (āvidhya) - having whirled, having brandished, having thrown

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly radiant, very mighty, of great splendor

• शक्रध्वजसमम् (śakradhvajasamam) - resembling Indra's banner

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• विननाद (vinanāda) - roared, thundered, shouted loudly

• विवृत्तास्यः (vivṛttāsyaḥ) - with open mouth, having the mouth opened

• निकुम्भः (nikumbhaḥ) - Nikumbha (proper name)

• भीमविक्रमः (bhīmavikramaḥ) - of terrible valor, of formidable might

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (weapon) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

आविध्य (āvidhya) - having whirled, having brandished, having thrown

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Formed from 'ā-vidh' (to pierce, strike, brandish) with suffix '-ya' after a prefix.

Prefix: ā

Root: vidh (class 6)

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly radiant, very mighty, of great splendor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly radiant, very mighty, of great splendor

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'tejas' (splendor/might).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tejas)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, might, energy, fiery energy
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'tij' (to be sharp).
  Root: tij (class 6)

Note: Adjective for Nikumbha.

शक्रध्वजसमम् (śakradhvajasamam) - resembling Indra's banner

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śakradhvajasama

śakradhvajasama - resembling Indra's banner

Compound: 'Śakra' (Indra) + 'dhvaja' (banner) + 'sama' (like).

Compound type : şaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa, then karmadhāraya (śakra+dhvaja+sama)

• śakra – Indra (king of gods), mighty, powerful
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: śak (class 5)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)
• sama – like, equal, similar
  adjective
  Root: sam (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing the weapon ('tam').

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

From root 'raṇ' (to delight, rejoice, sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the location of the action.

विननाद (vinanāda) - roared, thundered, shouted loudly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of nad

Perfect active

Reduplicated perfect form (Liṭ lakāra) of 'vi-nad'.

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the sentence.

विवृत्तास्यः (vivṛttāsyaḥ) - with open mouth, having the mouth opened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivṛttāsya

vivṛttāsya - with open mouth, having the mouth opened

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'vivṛtta' (opened) + 'āsya' (mouth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vivṛtta+āsya)

• vivṛtta – opened, turned, disclosed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'vi-vṛt' (to open, turn round).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• āsya – mouth, face
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Adjective for Nikumbha.

निकुम्भः (nikumbhaḥ) - Nikumbha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nikumbha

nikumbha - Nikumbha (a Rākṣasa, son of Kumbhakarna)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

भीमविक्रमः (bhīmavikramaḥ) - of terrible valor, of formidable might

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīmavikrama

bhīmavikrama - of terrible valor, of formidable might

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'bhīma' (terrifying) + 'vikrama' (valor/might).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+vikrama)

• bhīma – terrifying, dreadful
  adjective
  From root 'bhī' (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• vikrama – valor, might, courage, step
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi-kram' (to stride, be valiant).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective for Nikumbha.