वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-3, verse-12

द्वारेषु संस्कृता भीमाः कालायसमयाः शिताः ।
शतशो रोचिता वीरैः शतघ्न्यो रक्षसां गणैः ॥१२॥

12. dvāreṣu saṃskṛtā bhīmāḥ kālāyasamayāḥ śitāḥ ,
śataśo rocitā vīraiḥ śataghnyo rakṣasāṃ gaṇaiḥ.

12. dvāreṣu saṃskṛtāḥ bhīmāḥ kālāyasamayāḥ śitāḥ
śataśaḥ rocitāḥ vīraiḥ śataghnyaḥ rakṣasām gaṇaiḥ

12. At the gates, hundreds of formidable, sharpened 'hundred-killers' (śataghnyas) made of black iron were prepared and set up by valiant warriors and by the hosts of (rakṣasas).

Words meanings summery:

• द्वारेषु (dvāreṣu) - in the gates, at the entrances

• संस्कृताः (saṁskṛtāḥ) - prepared (for use) (prepared, arranged, fashioned, refined)

• भीमाः (bhīmāḥ) - formidable, terrible, dreadful, fierce

• कालायसमयाः (kālāyasamayāḥ) - made of black iron

• शिताः (śitāḥ) - sharpened, keen, pointed

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds, hundreds of

• रोचिताः (rocitāḥ) - set up, placed (made to shine, caused to appear, placed, arranged, made ready)

• वीरैः (vīraiḥ) - by valiant warriors (by heroes, by warriors)

• शतघ्न्यः (śataghnyaḥ) - 'hundred-killers' (a type of large weapon, like a cannon or catapult)

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the (rakṣasas), of the demons

• गणैः (gaṇaiḥ) - by the hosts (of rakṣasas) (by groups, by hosts, by troops)

Words meanings and morphology

द्वारेषु (dvāreṣu) - in the gates, at the entrances

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, entrance

Root: dvṛ

Note: Indicates location.

संस्कृताः (saṁskṛtāḥ) - prepared (for use) (prepared, arranged, fashioned, refined)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - prepared, refined, adorned, cultivated, complete

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (कृ) 'to do' with prefix 'sam' (सम्).

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'śataghnyaḥ'.

भीमाः (bhīmāḥ) - formidable, terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, formidable, dreadful, fierce

From root bhī (भी) 'to fear'.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'śataghnyaḥ'.

कालायसमयाः (kālāyasamayāḥ) - made of black iron

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kālāyasamaya

kālāyasamaya - made of black iron

Compound of 'kāla' (black) + 'ayasa' (iron) + '-maya' (made of).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kāla+ayasa)

• kāla – black, dark
  adjective
• ayasa – iron, made of iron
  noun (neuter)
• -maya – made of, consisting of
  suffix
  Secondary suffix (प्रत्यय) indicating 'made of'.

Note: Qualifies 'śataghnyaḥ'.

शिताः (śitāḥ) - sharpened, keen, pointed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śita

śita - sharpened, keen, pointed

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (शो) / śyā (श्या) 'to sharpen'.

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'śataghnyaḥ'.

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds, hundreds of

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from 'śata' (hundred).

Note: Adverb modifying 'rocitāḥ'.

रोचिताः (rocitāḥ) - set up, placed (made to shine, caused to appear, placed, arranged, made ready)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rocita

rocita - made to shine, illuminated, placed, arranged, made ready

Past Passive Participle

From the causative stem of root ruch (रुच्) 'to shine', here meaning to make them visible, conspicuous, or set them in position.

Root: ruch (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'śataghnyaḥ'.

वीरैः (vīraiḥ) - by valiant warriors (by heroes, by warriors)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave man

Note: Agent for the passive verb implied by 'rocitāḥ'.

शतघ्न्यः (śataghnyaḥ) - 'hundred-killers' (a type of large weapon, like a cannon or catapult)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śataghna

śataghna - hundred-killer, a weapon capable of killing hundreds (e.g., cannon, large projectile weapon)

Compound of 'śata' (hundred) and '-ghna' (killing), referring to a type of weapon, often feminine ('śataghnyā').

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śata+ghna)

• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)
• ghna – killing, slayer, destroyer
  adjective
  Derived from root han (हन्) 'to strike, kill'.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the (rakṣasas), of the demons

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, (rakṣasa)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, modifies 'gaṇaiḥ'.

गणैः (gaṇaiḥ) - by the hosts (of rakṣasas) (by groups, by hosts, by troops)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - group, troop, host, multitude, collection

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Agent, alongside 'vīraiḥ'.

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