वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-3, verse-11

वप्रेषूपलयन्त्राणि बलवन्ति महान्ति च ।
आगतं परसैन्यं तैस्तत्र प्रतिनिवार्यते ॥११॥

11. vapreṣūpalayantrāṇi balavanti mahānti ca ,
āgataṃ parasainyaṃ taistatra pratinivāryate.

11. vapreṣu upalayantrāṇi balavanti mahānti ca
āgatam parasainyam taiḥ tatra pratinivāryate

11. On the ramparts are powerful and large stone-throwing machines, by which an approaching enemy army is repelled there.

Words meanings summery:

• वप्रेषु (vapreṣu) - on the ramparts, on the embankments

• उपलयन्त्राणि (upalayantrāṇi) - stone-throwing machines, catapults, siege engines

• बलवन्ति (balavanti) - powerful, strong, mighty

• महान्ति (mahānti) - large, great, vast

• च (ca) - and, also

• आगतम् (āgatam) - approaching (arrived, approached, come)

• परसैन्यम् (parasainyam) - enemy army, hostile force

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (stone-throwing machines) (by them)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• प्रतिनिवार्यते (pratinivāryate) - is repelled, is warded off, is checked

Words meanings and morphology

वप्रेषु (vapreṣu) - on the ramparts, on the embankments

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vapra

vapra - rampart, embankment, mound, wall

Root: vap (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

उपलयन्त्राणि (upalayantrāṇi) - stone-throwing machines, catapults, siege engines

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of upalayantra

upalayantra - stone-throwing machine, catapult, siege engine

Compound of 'upala' (stone) and 'yantra' (machine).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (upala+yantra)

• upala – stone, rock, gem
  noun (masculine)
• yantra – machine, instrument, device, engine
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'santi' (are present).

बलवन्ति (balavanti) - powerful, strong, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, endowed with strength

Derived with the suffix -vat from 'bala' (strength).

Note: Qualifies 'upalayantrāṇi'.

महान्ति (mahānti) - large, great, vast

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, extensive

Note: Qualifies 'upalayantrāṇi'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

आगतम् (āgatam) - approaching (arrived, approached, come)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (गम्) 'to go' with prefix 'ā' (आ).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'parasainyam'.

परसैन्यम् (parasainyam) - enemy army, hostile force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parasainya

parasainya - enemy army, hostile army

Compound of 'para' (other, enemy) and 'sainya' (army).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (para+sainya)

• para – other, hostile, enemy, supreme
  adjective
• sainya – army, military force
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'pratinivāryate'.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (stone-throwing machines) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Masculine/Neuter instrumental plural of the demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

प्रतिनिवार्यते (pratinivāryate) - is repelled, is warded off, is checked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pratinivāray

Present Passive

Passive form of the causative of root vṛ (वृ) 'to cover, choose' with prefixes 'prati' (प्रति) and 'ni' (नि), meaning 'to ward off'.

Prefixes: prati+ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.